Canadas Copyright Law Essay Example For Students

Canadas Copyright Law Essay Canadas copyright law is one of our hardest laws to enforce. The reasonthe police have so much trouble enforcing this law, is due to technology. Thislaw is very easy to break, and once broken, it is very hard to track downviolators. So although some form of a copyright law is needed, the one we havehas, too many holes to be effective. There are three main ways in which thecopyright law is broken in everyday life. They is audio/video tape copying,plagiarism, and software piracy. The first, and most commonly violated aspect of the copyright law, isthe copying of audio tapes for oneself and friends. Thanks to the invention ofdual cassette stereos, this has become very easy. You simply take an originalor even another copy of a tape, as well as a blank tape. Stick them both in tothe stereo and bingo you have a new tape. You also just broke the law. Along with copying audio tapes, now we can copy video tapes almost aseasily. If you hook two VCRs together, they can copy from one to the other. You could rent a movie form the video store, copy and return it, with no one thewiser. The problem with copying video and audio tapes is that for every copyyou make the recording artist, the actors, producers and everyone else whocollect royalties from the tapes lose money. If the companies start to losemoney, they raise prices. Thus a vicious circle begins. As prices go up, fewerpeople buy original copies. If less people buy the original cassettes priceswill once again rise. Another major form of piracy is plagiarism. The stealing of someoneelses ideas or work. The biggest category of people who fall into here arestudents. Very often a student when doing a research paper will accidentlyforget to footnote his work. By forgetting to give the author credit, thestudent has claimed the work as his own. Another reason students may copysomeone elses work is to sound more sophisticated hoping that if they usesomeone elses words it will sound better than their own. Generally, thisprovides an easy way for a teacher or the police to catch them. Teachers also plagiarize rather frequently. Very often a teacher willphotocopy several pages from a book, in order to save the students the expenseof having to buy the book for themselves. While this is a noble act by theteacher, in most cases, this is illegal. Unless the author of the book, gaveconsent for his/her work to be freely distributed, teachers cant copy it anymore than students or anyone else can. The third category of piracy is Software Pirating. There are severalforms which this can take. The most common form is very similar to audio/videocassettes. It is when someone copies a game or program from his/her computer tosomeone elses. As long as the two people have the same type of computer, (theyboth have apples or IBMs) this is a very simple process, so long as theprogrammer didnt put a bug into the program (a precaution they take againstpeople copying their work). Another form of Computer Piracy is a cracker. A cracker is someone whohas an in-depth knowledge of computers and programming. He can then remove thebug that prevents programs from being copied. After he removes the bug hesable to distribute the software at his own discretion. This is in directconflict with the copyright law, because the program was not meant to be copiedthus the bug. It therefore becomes illegal to remove the bug. .ufc381e4489b0fe245e6a629b6bbf8fe0 , .ufc381e4489b0fe245e6a629b6bbf8fe0 .postImageUrl , .ufc381e4489b0fe245e6a629b6bbf8fe0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufc381e4489b0fe245e6a629b6bbf8fe0 , .ufc381e4489b0fe245e6a629b6bbf8fe0:hover , .ufc381e4489b0fe245e6a629b6bbf8fe0:visited , .ufc381e4489b0fe245e6a629b6bbf8fe0:active { border:0!important; } .ufc381e4489b0fe245e6a629b6bbf8fe0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufc381e4489b0fe245e6a629b6bbf8fe0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufc381e4489b0fe245e6a629b6bbf8fe0:active , .ufc381e4489b0fe245e6a629b6bbf8fe0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufc381e4489b0fe245e6a629b6bbf8fe0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufc381e4489b0fe245e6a629b6bbf8fe0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufc381e4489b0fe245e6a629b6bbf8fe0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufc381e4489b0fe245e6a629b6bbf8fe0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufc381e4489b0fe245e6a629b6bbf8fe0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufc381e4489b0fe245e6a629b6bbf8fe0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufc381e4489b0fe245e6a629b6bbf8fe0 .ufc381e4489b0fe245e6a629b6bbf8fe0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufc381e4489b0fe245e6a629b6bbf8fe0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Away by Michael Gow EssayLike audio/video cassettes copying, computer games causes people to losemoney. In this case, instead of it being the singer, or actors, it is theprogrammer, and the software companies who lose. This leads to the same viciouscircle. More copies make higher prices etc.. The copyright law is hard to enforce likewise so are the penalties. Ifyou are found in violation of breaking the copyright laws, you probably willonly have to pay a fine. However, the fines can be quite substantial anddepending where you are in the distribution chain (how many copies were madebefore yours) the fine varies, with whoever copied the original paying the most. In extreme cases, where a contract is enacted upon the purchase of the originalcopy like with Word Perfect, a computer word processor. Upon buying an originalset off disks you must sign a contract promising not to distribute the program. In these cases, you could face imprisonment because now not only are you dealingwith breach of the copyright law, but with a breach of contract as well. So themoral of the story is enjoy your large collection of audio/video tapes. Getthose good marks on essays you didnt even write. Enjoy those really funcomputer games, because under Canadas current copyright law and the amount ofattention the police pay to this problem, it is very unlikely that you will everget caught. Category: Law

marketing key metric engagement Essay Example

marketing key metric engagement Essay marketing key metric engagement BY pejaol August 8, 2007 Marketings New Key Metric: Engagement by Brian Haven for Marketing Leadership Professionals Making Leaders Successful Every Day For Marketing Leadership Professionals Marketings New Key Metric: Engagement Marketers Must Measure Involvement, Interaction, Intimacy, And Influence by Brian Haven with Josh Bernoff and Sarah Glass EXECUT I VES U M MA RY The marketing funnel is a broken metaphor that overlooks the complexity social media introduces into the buying process. As consumers trust in traditional media diminishes, marketers need a new approach. We propose a new metric, engagement, hat includes four components: involvement, interaction, intimacy, and influence. Each of these is built from data collected from online and offline data sources. Using engagement, you get a more holistic appreciation of your customers actions, recognizing that value comes not Just from transactions but also from actions people take to influence others. Once engagement takes hold of marketing, marketing messages will become conversations, and dollars will shift from media buying to customer understanding. TABLE O F CO N TENTS NOTES 2 Does The Marketing Funnel Need An Upgrade? Forrester interviewed 20 vendor and user ompanies, including: Avenue A I Razorfish, Bazaarvoice, Biz360, Brandlntel, BzzAgent, TNS Media Intelligence/Cymfony, Digitas, The Builders, MotiveQuest, Nike, Organic, Procter Gamble, Publicis Hal Riney, Reed Business, UGENmedia, Umbria, and Visible Technologies. Engagement: A New Perspective On Marketing The Elements Of Engagement Making Sense Of Engagement Putting It All Together 12 Engagement Enhances Customer Insight WHAT IT MEANS 13 Engagement Redirects The Marketing Trajectory Related Research Documents The Enterprise Marketing Software Landscape May 7, 2007 The Forrester Wave: Brand Monitoring, Q3 2006 september 13, 2006 Five Tips For Web Analytics Success June 2, 2006 2007, Forrester Research, Inc. All rights reserved. Forrester, Forrester Wave, RoleView, Technographics, and Total Economic Impact are trademarks of Forrester Research, Inc. We will write a custom essay sample on marketing key metric engagement specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on marketing key metric engagement specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on marketing key metric engagement specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer All other trademarks are the property of their respective companies. Forrester clients may make one attributed copy or slide of each fgure contained herein. Additional reproduction is strictly prohibited. For additional reproduction rights and usage information, go to www. forrester. com. Information is based on best available resources. Opinions reflect Judgment at the time and are subject to change. To purchase reprints of this document, please email [emailprotected] com. 2 Marketings New Key Metric: Engagement DOES THE MARKETING FUNNEL NEED AN UPGRADE? Traditionally, marketers modeled consumers decisions as they progressed from awareness through consideration, preference, action, and loyalty † through what is called the marketing funnel (see Figure 1-1). The marketers Job was to move people from the large end down to the small end. But now its time for a rethink, as the funnel has outlived its usefulness as a metaphor. Face it: Marketers no longer dictate funnel because: Complexity reigns in the middle of the funnel. Awareness is still important; you need to know that a product or service exists in order to buy it. And the marketers endpoint is still a transaction. But, in between, other factors such as recommendations from friends or family, product reviews, and competitive alternatives described by peers influence individuals. The funnels consideration, preference, and action stages ignore these forces that marketers dont control. Rather than a clean linear path, the real process looks more like a complex network of detours, back alleys, alternate entry and exit points, external influences, and alternative resources (see Figure 1-2). ? The most valuable customer isnt necessarily someone who buys a lot. In this socially charged era in which peers influence each other as much as companies do, good customers cant be identified solely by their purchases. l Companies also need to track individuals who influence others to buy. For example, a customer who buys very little from you but always rates and reviews what she buys can be Just as valuable as someone who buys a lot † her reviews might i nfluence 100 other people to buy your product. Tracking only transactions and loyalty at the end of the funnel misses this significant element of influence. Traditional media channels are weakening. Marketers continue to use mainstream media messages to move consumers into a consideration frame of mind. But passive consumption of media is waning. Individuals dismiss or ignore marketing messages in lieu of information available from an ever-increasing number of resources, such as product review sites, message boards, and online video. 2 Consumers force brand transparency. Marketing and public relations teams used to have the influence to spin a message in their favor when something went wrong. But in these days of snoring cable technicians caught sleeping on a customers couch, captured n video, and posted on YouTube or blogs blasting CompUSA for selling an empty box instead of a camera, spin is out of control. 3 Online social tools, coupled with increasing social behavior online, make it easy for the truth to come out. When companies try to spin the message now, they get caught in the act, only making the problem worse. 007, Forrester Research, Inc. Reproduction Prohibited Figure 1 The Traditional Marketing Funnel Fails To Model Complex Buying Paths 1-1 The traditional marketing funnel Eyeballs Awareness Consideration Preference Action Loyalty Buyers 1-2 Complexity lies at the center of the marketing funnel peer eviews Competitive alternatives Contributors Recommendations from friends 42124 User-generated content Source: Forrester Research, Inc. 4 Ma rketing complexity means that traditional metrics fail to capture the whole story. Online metrics like unique visitors to a Web site, number of pages viewed, and time spent per page mimic offline media metrics of reach and frequency. But these measurements dont indicate the engagement of an individual; they fail to capture the sentiment, opinion, and affinity a person has toward a brand as manifested in ratings, reviews, comments in blogs or discussion forums, or likelihood to recommend oa friend. ENGAGEMENT: A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON MARKETING If the funnel no longer accurately reflects what marketers can influence, why do they still cling to it? Because they can measure it, which is reassuring, even if it no longer accurately reflects the real buying process. And, of course, there are no useful alternatives. We believe that marketers need a new approach to understanding customers and prospects. This new type of measurement † engagement † encompasses the quantitative metrics of site visits and transactions, the qualitative metrics of brand awareness and loyalty, and the fuzzy areas in the middle best haracterized by social media. Our definition of engagement includes four components (see Figure 2):4 Engagement is the level of involvement, interaction, intimacy, and influence an individual has with a brand over time. Figure 2 The Four Components Of Engagement INVOLVEMENT INTERACTION INTIMACY INFLUENCE What To Track Site visits Time spent Pages viewed Search keywords Navigation paths Site logins Contributed comments Quantity/frequency of written reviews, blog comments, forum discussions, and UGC Sentiment tracking on third-party sites (blogs, reviews, forums, etc. Sentiment tracking of internal customer contributions Opinions expressed in customer service calls Net Promoter (NP) score Product/service satisfaction ratings Brand affinity Content forwarded to friends Posts on high-profile blogs ecommerce platforms Social media platforms Brand monitoring Customer service calls Surveys How To Track Web analytics Engagement goes beyond reach and frequency to measure peoples real feelings about b rands. It starts with their own brand relationship and continues as they extend that relationship to other customers. As a customers participation with a brand deepens from site use and purchases (involvement and interaction) to affinity and championing (intimacy and influence), measuring and acting on engagement becomes more critical to understanding customers intentions. The four parts of engagement build on each other to make a holistic picture. Involvement. This component is the most basic measurement of engagement and reflects the measurable aspects of an individuals relationship with a company or brand. It includes actions like visits to a site or a physical store, time spent per page, and ages viewed. While this alone isnt sufficient, measuring these activities is critical because they are often the first point of interaction an individual has with a brand and are the foundation for making the connections to other metrics. 5 For example, Reed Business tracks visitors to its Web sites, the time they spend, the articles they read by category or channel, and pages they view per week (and across other time periods). This helps Reed Business distinguish between first-time and repeat visitors, and informs the company of the depth, frequency, and level of interactions of their isits, helping it determine its content agenda. You can use Web analytics services like Omniture, Web Trends, or Visual Sciences to measure these activities. 6 Interaction. This component provides the depth that involvement alone lacks by measuring events in which individuals contribute content about a brand, request additional information, provide contact information, or purchase a product or service. Where involvement measures touches, interaction measures actions. These include click- throughs, completed transactions, blog comments, social network connections, and uploaded photos and videos. Social media contributions increasingly play a role in calculating the value of a customer and are vital to tracking emerging behaviors. For example, PETCO tracks when customers browse and sort by top-rated items and then buy a product, allowing the company to identify the effect usergenerated content (UGC) has on purchases. You can use ecommerce platforms to provide transaction data, while social media platforms like Bazaarvoice and UGENmedia track actions like ratings and reviews, photos or videos uploaded, or connections made in social networks. entiment an individual holds for a brand. This includes her opinion, perspective, or passion for the brand as represented by the words she uses and the content she creates. Intimacy is the critical new component that sheds light on customers feelings about your brand (positive or negative), and, with new services, it can be tracked almost in real time, providing ample opportunity to correct a problem or seize an opportunity before it wanes . For example, Del Montes pet food division used Umbrias brand monitoring services to track online conversations about how owners perceive their pets, yielding fascinating differences † for example, Gen Yers think of them as 5 6 ccessories, Gen Xers think of them as family and worry about how to fit them into their busy schedule, and Boomers consider them people too. Brand monitoring firms like TNS Media Intelligence/Cymfony, MotiveQuest, Biz360, Umbria, and Brandlntel measure sentiment in online venues, including social networks, discussion forums, blogs, and video-sharing sites. Influence. This component looks beyond even sentiment to determine an individuals likelihood to encourage a fellow customer to consider or buy a brand, product, or service. Qualitatively, it includes brand awareness, loyalty, and the possibility of purchasing again. It also includes quantitative metrics like the Net Promoter (NP) score, measuring a persons likelihood to make a recommendation to a frien d. 8 Understanding your customers intention to return, repurchase, or recommend is critical to building a forward-looking profile of your customer. For example, Brandlntel tracked sentiment about the film Snakes On A Plane and TV series Heroes. Eighty percent of the conversation about Snakes On A Plane focused on the hype of the film and Samuel L. Jackson the actor, not his character, while Heroes conversations were all about the characters and the premise of the show. This is why Heroes is a hit and Snakes was a flop; Brandlntels studies show that people arent really engaged unless theyre talking about plot and characters rather than hype and actors. You can measure influence through opt-in surveys, mailed questionnaires, or customer service calls and phone surveys. With a new set of components † involvement, interaction, intimacy, and influence † companies can integrate data from many sources to build the engagement profile, an aggregate description of the types and levels of engagement your customers exhibit. But with all this new data, what metrics matter, and how can you combine them? To understand how engagement affects customer value, consider these three customer scenarios that reflect different customers and how they approach one brand, an online retailer: Charlie: passive participant. Charlies Just not that into you. You see him on your site as an occasional visitor who does not recommend the brand and reads the company blog about gadgets but does not comment. Still, his behaviors on the site liken him to people who tend to have a favorable sentiment about the products theyre researching (see Figure 3). Since Charlie isnt a registered user, youll need to track his ctions on the site (pages viewed, time spent, etc. ) and measure the sentiment of the occasional anonymous content he contributes (comments, discussions, etc. ) as well as the sentiment on the sites and pages that refer him, tracked through browser cookies. In your analysis of engagement of visitors like Charlie, you would match their characteristics to similar users who are registered and, from that, extrapolate their loyalty and likeliness to recommend. Steven: semiactive participant. Steven is ready to be turned on to your brand. He visits the site in bursts surrounding product purchases, has become loyal, and writes highly nfluential reviews of the sports equipment products he buys, even though he feels that the product research tools and information are lacking (see Figure 4). For users like Steven, you should track activities surrounding purchases (before and after) and the time between a transaction and his review of the product. Measure the sentiment of product reviews, the actions taken after reading unfavorable content, and the influence his reviews have on other customers purchasing behaviors. You need to ascertain what motivates him to contribute content and try to encourage more of that ehavior. customers. She is an avid fan of the sites pet accessories, is a highly active visitor who recommends the site to every pet owner she knows, and actively contributes content to the sites online community, even though she sometimes posts negative comments about products after making customer service calls (see Figure 5). For zealots like Sarah, its important to track the quantity and frequency of reviews, profile updates, blog posts, forum discussions, and other content contributions. You should also measure the sentiment of her contributions and use surveys to keep a ulse on her affinity for the brand and intent to continue to participate. For some brands, it would make sense to start a brand ambassador program to draw users like Sarah closer to the company and energize their word-of-mouth. 7 8 Figure 3 Passive Participant PROFILE†CHARLIE Passive participant Reads and views others contribution Only participates on rare occasions Not registered on the site Involvement Interaction Intimacy Influence Text analysis shows that the few comments Charlie makes tend to show favorable sentiment Text analysis of the

European Colonization on Africa essays

European Colonization on Africa essays Back in early African history, Europeans colonized and infiltrated African civilizations in order to make a profit and to be known as a superior nation. By doing this, European colonists messed up the traditional African lifestyle. Africans were willing to let the colonists join them, but the Europeans went too far when they took over governments and tried to rule over the Africans. This colonization led to many problems in Africa, that still affect modern day Africa. First of all, the problem can only be explained about where the colonists were located. According to the European Colonization map, it shows that France and Great Britain ruled most of the Northern Part of Africa. France and Great Britain ruled other parts of Africa in the South, but not nearly as much as up North. Meanwhile, Germany Portugal, and Belgium ruled most of the Southern part of Africa. Now, to talk about the Government of Africa, Ill have to explain the two different types of governing. There was direct rule (French) and indirect rule (Great Britain). The difference between these two different types of governing was that indirect rule was when a local chief or leader ruled the colony, but was used as just a messenger from a higher power of authority. In this case, the British. The British would make the laws for the ruler to enforce, and he would do it. In the case of direct rule, the country that colonized the country, ruled it. The French ruled their colonies in Africa and enforced their own rules, rather than let a local leader do it. In African civilizations, indirect rule worked better for the Africans because they were able to keep their old traditions and not have to adapt to new ones. In the French colonies, Africans had to convert to French in order to be considered French. If they were considered French, then they could run for politics and be considered as an equal to a French person. ...

John Fremont - John C. Fremont - Civil War - Valley Campaign

John Fremont - John C. Fremont - Civil War - Valley Campaign John C. Frmont - Early Life: Born January 21, 1813, John C. Frà ©mont was the illegitimate son of Charles Fremon (formerly Louis-Renà © Frà ©mont) and Anne B. Whiting. The daughter of a socially prominent Virginia family, Whiting began an affair with Fremon while she was married to Major John Pryor. Leaving her husband, Whiting and Fremon ultimately settled in Savannah. Though Pryor sought a divorce, it was not granted by the Virginia House of Delegates. As a result, Whiting and Fremon were never able to marry. Raised in Savannah, their son pursued a classical education and began attending the College of Charleston in the late 1820s. John C. Frmont - Going West: In 1835, he received an appointment to serve as a teacher of mathematics aboard USS Natchez. Remaining on board for two years, he left to pursue a career in civil engineering. Appointed a second lieutenant in the US Armys Corps of Topographical Engineers, he began taking part in surveying expeditions in 1838. Working with Joseph Nicollet, he aided in mapping the lands between the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers. Having gained experience, he was tasked with charting the Des Moines River in 1841. That same year, Frà ©mont married Jessie Benton, the daughter of powerful Missouri Senator Thomas Hart Benton. The following year, Frà ©mont was ordered to prepare an expedition to South Pass (in present-day Wyoming). In planning the expedition, he met noted frontiersman Kit Carson and contracted him to guide the party. This marked the first of several collaborations between the two men. The expedition to South Pass proved a success and over the next four years Frà ©mont and Carson explored the Sierra Nevadas and other lands along the Oregon Trail. Earning some fame for his exploits in the west, Frà ©mont was given the nickname The Pathfinder. John C. Frmont - Mexican-American War: In June 1845, Frà ©mont and Carson departed St. Louis, MO with 55 men for an expedition up the Arkansas River. Rather than follow the expeditions stated goals, Frà ©mont diverted the group and marched directly to California. Arriving in the Sacramento Valley, he worked to agitate American settlers against the Mexican government. When this nearly led to a clash with Mexican troops under General Josà © Castro, he withdrew north to Klamath Lake in Oregon. Alerted to the outbreak of the Mexican-American War, he moved south and worked with American settlers to form the California Battalion (US Mounted Rifles). Serving as its commander, with the rank of lieutenant colonel, Frà ©mont worked with Commodore Robert Stockton, commander of the US Pacific Squadron, to wrest the coastal towns of California away from the Mexicans. During the campaign, his men captured Santa Barbara and Los Angeles. On January 13, 1847, Frà ©mont concluded the Treaty of Cahuenga with Governor Andres Pico which terminated the fighting in California. Three days later, Stockton appointed him the military governor of California. His rule proved short-lived as the recently arrived Brigadier General Stephen W. Kearny asserted that the post was rightly his. John C. Frmont - Entering Politics: Initially refusing to yield the governorship, Frà ©mont was court-martialed by Kearny and convicted of mutiny and disobedience. Though quickly pardoned by President James K. Polk, Frà ©mont resigned his commission and settled in California at Rancho Las Mariposas. In 1848-1849, he conducted a failed expedition to scout a route for a railroad from St. Louis to San Francisco along the 38th Parallel. Returning to California, he was appointed one of the states first US senators in 1850. Serving for a year, he soon became involved with the newly-formed Republican Party. An opponent to the expansion of slavery, Frà ©mont became prominent within the party and was nominated as its first presidential candidate in 1856. Running against Democrat James Buchanan and American Party candidate Millard Fillmore, Frà ©mont campaigned against the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the growth of slavery. Though defeated by Buchanan, he finished second and showed that the party could achieve an electoral victory in 1860 with the support of two more states. Returning to private life, he was in Europe when the Civil War began in April 1861. John C. Frmont - The Civil War: Eager to aid the Union, he purchased a large amount of arms before returning to the United States. In May 1861, President Abraham Lincoln appointed Frà ©mont a major general. Though largely done for political reasons, Frà ©mont was soon dispatched to St. Louis to command the Department of the West. Arriving in St. Louis, he began fortifying the city and quickly moved to bring Missouri into the Union camp. While his forces campaigned in the state with mixed results, he remained in St. Louis. Following a defeat at Wilsons Creek in August, he declared martial law in the state. Acting without authorization, he began confiscating property belonging to secessionists as well as issued an order emancipating slaves. Stunned by Frà ©monts actions and concerned they would hand Missouri to the South, Lincoln immediately directed him to revoke his orders. Refusing, he dispatched his wife to Washington, DC to argue his case. Ignoring her arguments, Lincoln relieved Frà ©mont on November 2, 1861. Though the War Department issued a report detailing Frà ©monts failings as a commander, Lincoln was politically pressured into giving him another command. As a result, Frà ©mont was appointed to lead the Mountain Department, which comprised parts of Virginia, Tennessee, and Kentucky, in March 1862. In this role, he conducted operations against Major General Thomas Stonewall Jackson in the Shenandoah Valley. Through the late spring of 1862, Frà ©monts men were beaten at McDowell (May 8) and he was personally defeated at Cross Keys (June 8). In late June, Frà ©monts command was slated to join Major General John Popes newly-formed Army of Virginia. As he was senior to Pope, Frà ©mont refused this assignment and returned to his home in New York to await another command. None was forthcoming. John C. Frmont - 1864 Election Later Life: Still noteworthy within the Republican Party, Frà ©mont was approached in 1864 by hard-line Radical Republicans who disagreed with Lincolns lenient positions on postwar reconstruction of the South. Nominated for president by this group, his candidacy threatened to split the party. In September 1864, Frà ©mont abandoned his bid after negotiating the removal of Postmaster General Montgomery Blair. Following the war, he purchased the Pacific Railroad from the state of Missouri. Reorganizing it as the Southwest Pacific Railroad in August 1866, he lost it the following year when he was unable to make payments on the purchase debt. Having lost most of his fortune, Frà ©mont returned to public service in 1878 when he was appointed governor of the Arizona Territory. Holding his position until 1881, he was largely dependent on income from his wifes writing career. Retiring to Staten Island, NY, he died in New York City on July 13, 1890. Selected Sources Civil War: John C. FremontCalifornia Military Museum: John C. Fremont Biographical Dictionary of the US Congress: John C. Fremont

The Impacts of Human Resources on the Performance and Motivation of Literature review

The Impacts of Human Resources on the Performance and Motivation of the Employees - Literature review Example Employee turnover or dropout is one of the major problems facing by the current organizations. Many organizations measure the success and failures of their HRM based on the rate of employee dropouts. In other words, better HRM policies motivate the employees to continue in the organization whereas poor HRM policies force them to leave out. In the past, employees were more interested in getting decent salaries whereas at present they are not only interested in good salaries but also in getting a proper work environment. HRM is responsible for providing better work environments for the employees. In short, better HRM policies always motivate employees to improve their performances and to stick with the organization for longer periods. â€Å"It is a widely accepted premise that retention and productivity of workers is a function of how well the individual is motivated† (Lord, 2002, p.3). This literature review analyses various theories related to the importance of HRM in improvin g employee efficiencies and reducing employee turnover rates. Recent research has highlighted a so-called "prime building block" of HRM – the principle of "AMO". There must be sufficient employees with the necessary ABILITY to do the job; there must be adequate MOTIVATION for them to apply their abilities; and there must be the OPPORTUNITY for them to engage in "discretionary behaviour" – to make choices about how their job is done (Buchan, 2004, p.3). All human actions, irrespective of good or bad, are based on some kind of motivations. For example, a killer may have some motives or reasons for killing. The same way a student may study well to get a job or recognition in the society. In short, motivation is necessary for all human actions. The cases of the employees are also not an exception. Employees need some kind of motivation to perform better. In other words, in the absence of motivation employees may work as passive elements whereas motivation forces them to wo rk in an active manner. HRM is responsible for injecting motivation in the minds of the employees. In certain cases, rewards can motivate employees whereas in other cases, punishments could be a better option.

I plan to determine what influences achievement on students in special Research Proposal

I plan to determine what influences achievement on students in special education, between those who have used technology and those who have not used technology - Research Proposal Example Lahm (2003) supports this concern by pointing out that professional concern for special needs classes has not been packed by equal political or administrative effort. A situation that she believes is leaving little facility to implement or measure the impact of the adoption of technology in special education curriculums. Determining what influences achievement of students in special education who have used technology over those who have not requires first the identification of technology use, methodology and evaluation measures used. At the same time, there is an equal need to develop performance standards that will be able to attribute variance in performance directly with the use of the technology. It should be noted that the correlation between students’ technological competency is not to be equated with student proficiency or achievement. Therefore, determining variance in proficiency or achievement among students due to the utilization of technology should entail control over the type of curriculum, students or instructors (Gardner et al, 2003). Concentrating on special education students, studies will also need to account for the client conditions and health. Subsequently, there is also a need to identify what factors may limit the impact of technology use from socio-cultural, political, economic or medical perspectives. Moreover, there is also a need to account for the nature of technology adaptation itself such as productivity paradoxes, rates of adaptation and competency requirements among others (â€Å"Technology and Education†, 2006). The technology-focused educational reform emerged as major agenda in the 1990’s. Initial programs were designed as support social services but eventually, efforts became the prerogative of educational institutions. Programs transitioned from general programs to enhance the well-being of vulnerable groups identified through schools then became more specific

The title of the film was Amistad and the film was released in 1997 Essay Example for Free

The title of the film was Amistad and the film was released in 1997 Essay The title of the film was â€Å"Amistad† and the film was released in 1997 on the territory of the United States of America. The historical period, portrayed in the film, is the year of 1839. It was the year when a terrible rebellion took place on board the Spanish ship La Amistad, which transported salves. It was the time when the slavery was abolished in the North and the South of the United States of America was discontented for they desperately â€Å"needed† slaves to work for them. American courts still decide whether the black person is free according to the place he comes from. The trial over the rebels from La Amistad asks the main question: †Are these rebels slaves or free people? †. The â€Å"free giving† North and the â€Å"enslaving† South were already opposing each other and their relations were rather problematic. The incident became a scandal as it truly reflected the conflict of that time. According to the American laws back then only Africans could be considered free people. The story takes place in the time-gap before the Civil War, which lasted from 1861 till 1865. â€Å"Amistad† is a true story about the slaves that try to go back to their motherland – Sierra Leone. La Amistad† is the name of a Spanish vessel with 53 African slaves on board the ship. The whole story is told be spokesman for the slaves named Joseph Cinque. The film describes the story of a ship approaching the American shore, where trading slaves is illegal. On the way to America the slaves manage to release themselves and kill the whole crew of â€Å"La Amistad† except two crewmembers they leave alive to navigate the vessel. Nevertheless, as they have no idea what direction they need to sail the slaves find themselves near the seaside of New England. The vessel arrested by the coast guards and the rebels get to the court of Connecticut. The Court considers the slaves to be premises and for that reason the lawyer that defends the slaves is a specialist on questions of premises. He is an ambitious young lawyer named Roger Baldwin. The defendants are accused of murder but for them the case is the fight where they have to prove that they are free people and not anyone’s property. Baldwin’s way to defend is very skimpy from the beginning, as he does not seem to feel the problem completely. He does not seem to understand that it goes not about property but about personal freedom of the Amistad slaves in the first place. When Baldwin gets the support of America’s ex-president John Quincy Adams the things change. Adams teaches Baldwin how to feel the case and emotionally deliver it to the court. Adams makes a fifteen-minute speech in Court and put a â€Å"human face on the dispute† showing that the slaves who organized the rebels were free people who were forced to leave their native land, were seized and therefore had to protect themselves just as any other person would have done. Steven Spielberg directed the film and the main motivation of the author was showing that every single person, not depending on the color of skin has the right to be free. In other words each person is born free and nobody can take this freedom away from him. According to Spielberg own words the film tell the viewer about: â€Å"how these Africans are hopelessly caught in the quagmire of the American justice system[1]. This motivation is easily seen through the opposition of the slavery and justice. Spielberg reveals it through a true story to let the spectator understand that this will always remain a problem, even in the contemporary world. The film definitely does give the viewer more insight on the historical period of the 1839, as it in the first places tells about the story was forgotten even by the contemporary African-American representatives [2]. The majority of people do not realize how deep was the problem and the film shows that even twenty years before the Civil War slavery prospered and black Africans did not have many opportunities to defend themselves. It reflects the system of justice of those days where a person that could not speak English was put in Court without even realizing what was going on and without any possibility to explain anything or provide a disclaimer. The valued and the attitudes of the period which is portrayed in the film are primitive – a salve is someone’s property and should be treated as a property. Trial over a slave was a trial where the judge needed to decide â€Å"Whom does this â€Å"thing† belongs to†. The film also reflects the values of the time it was made in. In the first place it is still the problem of racism that is raised even nowadays. It shows the roots, the reasons of the insult that has drawn an invisible line between white and black people. Another attitude seem in the film is the attitude towards court. What the movie says is that the Court has to be independent from anything. As true justice cannot be bought every person needs to be sure that if he not guilty– he will never be convicted. The film is made in accordance with the values of that time; nevertheless the â€Å"waft† of present-day values is rather observable in it. For instance the fat that the defendants were in chains inside the courtroom seem to reflect that a person is not guilty until proved to be innocent and but on the contrary innocent, until proved to be guilty. The characters are not more important than the event, but they harmoniously fit into it. For instance the character of Anthony Hopkins John Quincy Adams shows that the most important thing is to see the human face of the situation, to feel the situation, to emotionally outlive the suffering of other people. This is something that the event itself does not say. It is a human interpretation of the situation and this makes the personage of John Quincy Adams very important to the film, but hardly more important than the La Amistad rebel and the subsequent court. Conclusion: The interpretation of the main characters relates to the most prominent value of the American nation – freedom. This outstanding value is immortal and is something that unites the values of both of the times. The film’s ideology is clear: no human being can be a property of another person; nothing can be called just until it depends on any factors except objectivity; each human being is free from the very moment he was born to the world. Each person can choose and not to be dictated what to do or say. People have the power to choose for themselves and express their will – in other words no discrimination can be made based on the racial differences. The film is a satisfactory historical source. It actually shares the whole story, which is unknown to the majority of the audience, including African-Americans. The strength is that it showed everything very realistic, especially the recollections of the slave, giving the audience the idea of what these people experienced being slaves. The weakness is that it is maybe a little too much concentrated on the characters, than on the event itself. Some things are ignored such as the reaction of public or what in fact people did think about the whole deal. This film can definitely an additional source to study American History, but should not be the only one.