McCain Foods Essay

McCain Foods is a Canadian company that produces potatoes and provided all sorts of fries to their customers all over the world. McCain Foods Company is a well-known potato producer. McCain also competes with public companies such as Kraft Foods, Aviko and ConAgra Foods which have a clear advantage in terms of raising capital because they are also producing potatoes as their main product. Private ownership puts the company at a competitive disadvantage. Even so McCain Foods Company tries to inform their customers by doing campaigns and promotion by giving points and free deliveries. Consumer food expenditure on ready-to-eat foods continues to rise due to the success of new dining concepts, and changing lifestyle. Demographic factors, such as more families with working women, smaller family sizes in general, and more disposable income coupled with less disposable time has spurred this trend. Since McCain Foods is more focused on business to business they are partnered with few companies that will help them in packaging, in examining their potatoes quality and distribution. Due to the changes in the external environment that impacts McCain Foods Company sale rates, they made changes to improve their potatoes quality to maintain their customers demand. Such us, using the sunflower oil that reduces saturated fats by 70% instead of using regular vegetable oil. This is made because mainly McCain Foods have a strategy to keep a good relationship with their farmers and customers In the Netherlands, McCain Foods Company is located in Lelystad where the corps are grown and distributed. The distribution of McCain Food products are done by road to the other European countries and ships to be distributed to other countries outside the European region. McCain Food Company McCain Foods is a company located in Canada and a privately owned company established in 1957 by four brothers namely Wallace and Harrison McCain, supported by brothers Andrew and Robert. McCain Foods is the world’s largest manufacturer of frozen French fries and potato specialties. McCain foods also perform in helping the environment and achieved several Charitable Initiatives such as â€Å"Feeding the hungry and supporting education in South Africa† and â€Å"Supporting sport in the UK for ? 5 million to UK Athletics â€Å". McCain Foods is the largest French fry producer in the world, claiming a global market share of almost 33%. (4) McCain operates globally with over 57 production and manufacturing facilities across six continents. The company’s products are available in thousands of restaurants and supermarket freezers in more than 125 countries around the world. The company has least presence in the developing organic foods segment. Natural and organic food products segment is one of the fastest growing categories in food retailing. The company has not acquired any organic brand companies nor has it launched organic products. Internal environment McCain foods  is an organization that has the motto: â€Å"McCain it’s all good†. Their actions, decisions and behaviors are guided by their values and Code of Conduct. McCain is trying to make their business to be more like a family business. Because some companies are known for the products they make, and some are known for the people who make them while McCain likes to be known for both. Their strategy is to keep a good relationship with the farmers and their customers. As it is shown in Graph (1. 1), McCain Foods makes contracts with their supplier partners and grower partners, even though the number of the supplier partners is greater than the grower partners. They also employed a lot of employees to work in their company. With these big numbers McCain Foods is also trying to maintain their relationship with their employees and partners, because these numbers tells us that McCain more or less is depending on their supplier partners, the farmers, and employees. Same thing goes to the Supplier partners and Employees of McCain Foods. This means that there is a mutualism relationship between McCain, the employees and their partners that will bring a good result.

Nursing Informatics Essay

Nursing informatics can best be described â€Å"as the integration of data, information and knowledge to support patients and clinicians in decisions across roles and settings, using information structures, process, and technology† (Knight & Shea, p. 93). Nursing informatics has evolved over the last half decade from a system with only a few abilities to a worldwide technological system used in many hospital settings and physician offices in order to unify healthcare, eliminate error, and allow clinicians to spend less time charting and more time fulfilling job duties. In the 1960s, technology entered the nursing profession and the very first computer systems were integrated into hospitals. The early computer systems were implemented in order to process orders promptly and keep an accurate record of charges incurred by patients during their hospital stay (Murphy, 2010). Over the next few years, technology improved and started to revolutionize the nursing profession, documentat ion and communication throughout the hospital went from pen and paper to online databases filled with electronic patient information (Murphy, 2010). The introduction of NI has â€Å"prompted significant transformation in healthcare, along with increased attention to patient safety and outcome† (HIMSS Nursing Informatics Awareness Task Force, 2007, p. 38). Nursing informatics (NI) was finally recognized as a specialty in the mid-1990s (Murphy, 2010) Nursing informatics continued to evolve and the clinical setting began using electronic health records in patient care areas. Electronic health records (EHR) is like the nursing process, in which computer charting uses a hands on approach where the clinician is responsible for physically inputting the data attained into the Electronic Health Record. (McFadden, 2012). EHR was a huge push by President Bush in 2004, he mandated that the electronic health record be worldwide in the United States within ten years and created the Office of the National Coordinator for Health information Technology (HIMSS Nursing Informatics Awareness Task Force, 2007). The concept behind the electronic health record was to redesign the way patient care was delivered so that documentation and data gathering was integrated and automatically uploaded eliminating the room for errors and or misinformation (McFadden, 2012). Today nursing informatics uses technology to improve its clinical nursing  practice as well as to enhance the quality of patient care (Saba, 2001). As patients change, technology in the hospital setting must change and adapt as well. In order to make sure that the Electronic Health Record is as user friendly as possible for the majority of the clinicians using the system, TIGER was formed. â€Å"TIGER which stands for Technology Informatics Guiding Specialties which is a national collaborative of nurses from various specialties† (â€Å"TIGER,† 2010, p. 11). Nurses who are on the front line taking care of patients first hand bring knowledge of how information can be supported and improved upon in the clinical process and decision-making, which ultimately improves quality and patient outcome (â€Å"TIGER,† 2010). TIGER has improved nursing informatics by intertwining technology into the nursing practice, therefore making health information technology the stethosc ope for the 21st century (â€Å"TIGER,† 2010). Along with the continuing development of technology CPOE (Computerized Provider Order Entry) was developed freeing nurses from having to transcribe physicians hand writing and eliminating the need for order clarification made via phone calls improving quality control and patient outcomes. (Thede, 2012). Lab results are readily available through Point Of Care seconds after a test is completed in order for nurses and physicians to have information to review and determine further course of treatment the moment the results become available (Thede, 2012). Nursing informatics has a direct impact on nurses. Nurses spend roughly 50% of their time documenting and as little as 15% at the patient bedside (HIMSS Nursing Informatics Awareness Task Force, 2007). Our role as a nurse is being redefined by computers allowing more time to actually nurse patients to health and less time documenting our measures used to return them to health. As stated by HIMSS Nursing Informatics Task Force (2007) â€Å"this movement toward evidence based clinical practice is designed by a clinical information system which serves as the integrator that supports clinical judgment and client values† (p. 31). Nursing informatics will continue to improve and will become able to process data more quickly than it doe s now (Saba, 2001). In the 21st century, nursing informatics is part of our everyday professional activity. The majority of healthcare professionals are computer literate as utilizing a computer and accessing patient records has become a part of our everyday duties as nurses. (Saba, 2001). As we continue to move toward a more IT world, nursing informaticists will continue to work  with nurses to ensure that our practice is further enhanced by new technology (HIMSS Nursing Informatics Awareness Task Force, 2007). As clinicians is our duty to be prepared and properly trained with the most recent technological advances so we can spend less time finding where to document information or inputting information and more time fulfilling other nursing duties. In summary, according to Murphy (2010) â€Å"nursing informatics has evolved to an integral part of health care delivery and a differentiating factor in the selection, implementation, and evaluation of health IT that supports safe, high-quality, patient-centric care† (p. 207). It is time for nurses to leave the past ways of paper charting and embrace what the future has for us in the ever evolving technological world. Our profession is being transformed to meet the needs of patients and allowing clinicians to keep accurate records but doing so in a timely and safe manner. Nursing informatics is a tool which is in place to make it easier to keep accurate records, spend more time interacting and caring for patients, and have one place to look for information regarding patient care. References HIMSS Nursing Informatics Awareness Task Force. (2007, March). Informatics. Nursing Management, 38, 38-42. http://dx.doi.org/http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.ttuhsc.edu/10.1097/01.NUMA.0000262926.85304.a6 Knight, E. P., & Shea, K. (2014). A Patient-Focused Framework Integrating Self-Management and Informatics. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 46, 91-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12059 McFadden, R. (2012, December). Nursing informatics: A specialty on the rise. , 16, 16-17. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.ttuhsc.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2012223758&site=nrc-live Murphy, J. (2010, May-Jun). Nursing informatics: the intersection of nursing, computer, and information sciences. Nursing Economic$, 28, 204-207. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.ttuhsc.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2010699607&site=nrc-live Saba, V. K. (2001, September). Nursing informatics: yesterday, today and tomorrow. International Nursing Review, 48, 177-187. Retrieved fr om http://web.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.ttuhsc.edu/nup/detail/detail?sid=976b7ae2- 0db7-4ca2-83ce-c7fded8dd419%40sessionmgr112&vid=10&hid=119&bdata=JnNpdGU9bnVwLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#db=rzh&AN=2001106151 Staggers, N., & Thompson, C. B. (2002). The evolution of definitions for nursing informatics: A critical analysis and revised definition. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. The voice of nursing informatics and the future of nursing Technology Informatics Guiding Education Reform (TIGER) (2010). ANIA-CARING Newsletter, 25(4), 11-20. Retrieved from http://web.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.ttuhsc.edu/nup/detail/detail?sid=2b530457-f316-4cab-99a1-51bdce7a9464%40sessionmgr115&vid=1&hid=119&bdata=JnNpdGU9bnVwLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#db=rzh&AN=2010939703 Thede, L. (2008, Aug 18). The Electronic health Record: Will Nursing Be on Board When the Ship Leaves? OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3912/OJIN.Vol13No03InfoCol01 Thede, L. (2012, Janurary 23). â€Å"Informatics: Where is it?†. OJIN: The Online Jour nal of Issues in Nursing, 17(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.3912/OJIN.Vol17No1InfoCol01

Lean management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Lean management - Essay Example Procurement establishes a set of rules, strategies and plans to be followed when acquiring products and services that are added to the supply chain. Order management keeps track of the whole process; it determines where some changes can be made. Logistics cover for the complex systems that incorporate large organizations expanding rapidly and need to grow simultaneously (Blanchard, 2010). The managing of returns accelerates the process of realizing the company’s progress, loss or profit. Finally, the process of planning and forecasting is trivial on the future of the enterprise. All of the discussed features are adapted using an efficient or responsive supply chain. An effective supply chain is characterized by; long production times, large batch sizes and high set up costs. An example is the process of implementing upgrades in the company, the process has to be thoroughly researched, and the best options selected (Blanchard, 2010). Responsive chain supply is characterized by; short production lead times, small batch sizes and low setup costs. An example is the introduction of a new product in the company due to its demand. A food processing company, for example, will shift to developing a newly discovered flavor for its customers when it is on high

Procurement - Glasgow Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Procurement - Glasgow - Essay Example cause all quality benchmarks were identified and attended by establishing a code of business conduct; for human resource management a rating of 4-very good is given, as the dewatering procedure based on human resource was successfully undertaken by the construction contractor; for communication management a rating of 5-excellent is given because of strong communication among team members; for risk management a rating of 3-good is given, as technical risks were identified and analysed, and for integration management a rating of 3-good is given based on the evaluation of the project management overall (Anbari, 2006). For procurement management US$12 million in funds were allocated by the Glasgow Science Center for the tower project. Due to receiving of funds in the account of Glasgow Science Center from different sources, it seems that arranging the funds could have been a cause of delay in the project completion. Some of the funding sources included sale of National Lottery tickets and budgetary distribution received from the European Union. The problems pertaining to procurement management emerged due to wrong timing of allocation of funds – at the time of the designing of the tower project without comprehending the overall total costs. It could have been a major blunder causing delay in the completion of the tower project. One can argue that at the initial phase total spending cannot be derived but designing part of the project is not the right platform to estimate its cost until detailed study on the required funds is made keeping in mind the rising expenses according to the project d eadline for procurement purpose. So a rating of 1-very poor is given on this count (Anbari, 2006). Major strengths for all project management areas other than procurement management lied in time management by tightening the loose ends of the construction schedule. Had there been a review of the funding after the designing to chalk out the cost, there would have emerged a point

Financial Health of Teaching Hospitals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Financial Health of Teaching Hospitals - Essay Example Two key hypotheses of the study: (1) COTH hospitals because they comprise the largest part of teaching hospitals would have better financial margins and realize less impact on full-time equivalent residents, while family practice single-residency hospitals would fare worse than COTH hospitals; (2) citing little evidence of direct medical education payments from managed Medicare, which was implemented starting 1998, the authors hypothesized that there would be lower than expected actual payments. Using a sample of 713 hospitals, from among a lot of 1241 hospitals that received Medicare payments - the included samples were described to be general short-stay hospitals, to be more for profit, and had a significantly higher mean number of beds. Findings and Conclusions: Overall, the average margin of teaching hospitals in 1999 was just 2.5% and that 35% of the sample size had negative operating margins.

Project Management in IT sector Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words - 1

Project Management in IT sector - Essay Example In summary, I would like to thank all of the people who helped me during the course of my project. It’s very hard to find suitable words to express my sincere thanks to my supervisor, Mr. Daniel Talbort, who gave me a tremendous amount of support and valuable personal direction in the progress of my project. This motivation and advice given at various levels has enabled me to pursue the successful closure of my project. Finally I would also like to thank all my friends and colleagues at Coventry University, who provided me libraries, books, and inspiration, as well as being a significant part behind the success of this project. Kulwinder Kaur ABSTRACT This dissertation is a study of the role of project management in the field of Information Technology. The research analyses the planning and control techniques used by project management teams in enterprise software development. RESEARCH METHODS Project management is a major element of the Information Technology industry interna tionally, with innumerable books, articles and journals articles published on the subject from various authors. The main area covered in this report is Project Management in enterprise software development. Various methods are used in order to build the research and gather conclusions about the research. A variety of sources, including the internet, books, and reference journals, were used to gather information about the topic. Lectures given in the class gave us the critical methodologies and research approaches required to complete this report effectively. Further personal instruction given by the project supervisor, Mr. Daniel Talbot allowed this to happen more easily. The various methods used in order to complete this research included: Library Books Articles available from online sources Data from friends and colleagues Internet Journals Project supervisor guidelines All the above mentioned sources were key ingredients to the research methodology and therefore played a great ro le in the completion of this project. Introduction Over last few decades, there has been an increase in the speed of development of enterprise software products, as well as an increasing demand in business management for quicker and more efficient means to develop software products for market. Product development in any field or business sector requires strong management and organization in order to be successful, and project management represents the collected tradition of these strategies of team organization in software programming. Project Management allows companies to build plans for software products and to have full control over the team organization of the projects. Project Management also helps in the allocation and proper utilization of resources in the enterprise software development process. (Mantel 2010) An enterprise software development project typically follows the four main stages of organization:

EC 202 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

EC 202 - Essay Example If there is a disparity between the level of APE, GDP and ADF, then an automatic macroeconomic coordination process gets under the way by bridging the gap between the levels of those variables. When ASF and ADF become unequal, macroeconomic stabilizers will maintain the equilibrium level through the process called funding adjustment. Similarly if there is an imbalance in GDP and APE, producers of goods and services will make output-price adjustment that closes the gap between GDP and APE. To understand the notion of funding adjustment, we first need to divide the domestic consumers into three groups. In the first group, we include individuals who have sufficient money balances to cover for their planned expenditures. The second group comprises of individuals who have insufficient balance to cover for their planned expenditures. The final group of individuals includes individuals who have more than sufficient balance to cover for their planned expenditures. The second group can finance their purchases through either borrowing or reducing their GDP purchases. The third group can utilize their excess funds by lending them and earning a profit or either increasing their planned expenditures. In an economic scenario where ASF equals ADF, the second and third group will not be cognizant of the economic imbalance; however, they will be aware of their individual funding situations. The amount that the second group is willing to borrow exactly equals the amount that the third group is willing to lend through their excess funds. Hence this process will not impact the level of interest rates in the economy. In the case if ADF exceeds ASF, the second group will fulfill their funds demand by borrowing and the third group will lend their excess funds. The financial intermediaries such as banks and financial institutions will play a central role by taking the funds from third group and lending them to the second group. Since the funds available in the hand of the third

To what extent dose the HR Business Partner value to the Organization Essay

To what extent dose the HR Business Partner value to the Organization - Essay Example The HR business partner model is a result of Ulrich’s HRM model that views HR as a strategic partner in business and share organisational vision and goals. In the present discourse HR business partner concept has been explored in detail in order to understand the extent of value this concept adds to an organisation’s growth and development. To achieve this, theoretical base of HR business partner concept needs to be traced so that the pattern of its development provides good reason to understand the importance and value that HR business partners carry. Further, contribution that HR business partners make in various organisational functions/activities provide an understanding of their roles. Organisational functions such as strategic management and planning, performance management, human resource management, organisational design, culture and communication are various spheres where HR business partners’ influence can be felt. Issues and concerns faced by HR busine ss partners’ would further help in assessing their value add in organisation. Many examples from literature and research provide ample data and facts related to effectiveness of HR business partners as well as issues/concerns faced by HR and operations executives. Situations where HR business partners’ failed to create effective partnership are mentioned. Factors that impact HR business partnership such as relationship, communication, HR competencies, cultural influence, leadership etc have been judged in order to understand how HR business partner model can be made more effective in achieving desired organisational and HR objectives. Finally, conclusions and probable recommendations based on various aspects explored in this discourse have been outlined. Theoretical bases for HRBP concept: Human resource professionals as business partners that provided the backbone for organisational performance was first emphasized by Dave Ulrich (Boroughs, Hunter & Palmer, 2008). Ulr ich’s foundation to HR model was based on his statement, â€Å"HR should be defined not by what it does but by what it delivers – the results that enrich the organisation’s value to customers, investors, and employees† (1998; p.29). Based on this, Ulrich proposed four key roles for HR professionals, namely, strategic partner, administrative expert, employee champion, and Change agent. Through each of these roles, Ulrich reinforced the significance of HR professionals in organisational performance. In fact, a variety of roles of HR have been proposed by different management specialists. Ulrich’s model provides a concise and consolidated framework for actual contribution that HR professionals can make to the growth, development and sustenance of an organisation in a systematic and understandable fashion. As strategic partners, HR professionals are actively involved in formulating plans and making decisions that are strategically inclined to the busin ess and/or operational activities. In fact, HR business partners have specific duties in each of the four roles specified in Ulrich’s model (Hunter, 2005). As strategic partners, HR professionals are involved in framing HR strategies in line with organisational goals and objectives; specific operational objectives are also considered while framing the strategies. Critiques, which include Ulrich also, have argued that the HR roles in this model literally mean HR functions, and not limited to specific roles. However, many

Leonardo da Vinci Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Leonardo da Vinci - Research Paper Example Leonardo had designed a helicopter, a tank, as well as a calculator. He had often made important discoveries on hydrodynamics, civil engineering, as well as optics. During his lifetime, he was also well reputed for his skills in engineering. The bridge was later made to span an inlet at the mouth of Bosporous, which is also known as the Golden Horn. Beyazid did not approve the project since he believed that such a bridge would not work out. Leonardo was often called as the â€Å"renaissance man† since he was extra ordinarily talented in different streams. He was a versatile genius in every sense. Leonardo was engaged in the construction of bridges for most of his life time. His revolving bridges were able to transport armies over water bodies. The bridges he designed, and got constructed for the armies, had made it easier for the armies to cross quite a vast numbers of rivers. Leonardo’s statue was erected in 2001, when a small bridge was constructed in Norway. The Turk ish Government on 17 May decided to construct Leonardo’s bridge (which he designed earlier) to span the Golden Horn. The bridge becomes a reality 500 years after its designing. It was Vebjorn Sand, an artist in Norway, who took the initiative to construct it. He saw the sketch and the miniature form of the bridge at an exhibition of Da Vinci’s architectural and engineering designs. ... â€Å"The Mona Lisa of bridges† as what people call it today was sketched by Da Vinci 500 years ago, though many thought the implementation of such a design would be impossible. Vebjorn Sand’s version of it is like this. â€Å"This is the first time any of Leonardo's architectural and civil engineering designs has been built. There have been models, but this is the first in full size," (Da Vinci Comes to Life 500 Years on, 2001). Sand was the ideal person to take up the project of the Golden Horn bridge since he was not only a famous painter but was also the one who was acclaimed for his gigantic public art installations. Now Golden Horn has become the famous water way in Istanbul and it separates England from Asia. It is quite unbelievable that the bridge was designed in 1502, and that it took 500 years for someone to convert it into a reality. Vebjorn Sand deserves accolades for it. Sand was purely influenced by the traditions of Renaissance and Baroque, and believed that â€Å"we shouldn’t live in the past, but the past should live in us† (Sahlins, 2007). For the next few years, Sand spent most of his time and effort in transforming the dream design into a reality. In 2001, the project was completed. The original version of the design was 240 meter or 720 feet stone structure, which was intended to span Golden Horn as an inlet between Istanbul and Pera. This project could not achieve its form during Da Vinci’s period since the technology of the period was not that efficient. Leonardo bridge was an elegant project with 100 meters or approximately 300 feet length. Moreover it is remarkable in its perfection of pressed-bow construction. In accordance with Da Vinci’s original plan, Sand is creating a

Alcohol Advertisement in Australia Essay Example for Free

Alcohol Advertisement in Australia Essay Alcohol advertising in Australia ignores the long-term and short-term health risks associated with excessive alcohol consumption; these are detrimental to the Australian population of all ages, therefore they should be banned. Alcohol advertising is the promotion of alcoholic beverages by alcohol companies through a range of different media. Alcohol advertising is one of the most closely regulated forms of advertising, along with tobacco. The self-regulation system in Australia is not effective at protecting children and youth from exposure to alcohol advertising, a great deal of which contains material appealing to these groups (Fielder, Donovan Ouschan 2009). The Alcoholic Beverages Advertising Code was introduced to guarantee that alcohol advertising will be conducted in a way that encourages responsibility and moderation in liquor merchandising and consumption, and does not promote the consumption of alcoholic beverages by underage persons. The Alcoholic Beverages Advertising Code first introduced in 1998 is the regulatory system for alcohol advertisement in Australia. For advertisement to comply with this code it is assessed to whom the advertisement is directed, and whom the advertisement may possibly be communicated. Australians’ consumption of alcohol is large on a global scale, with consumption estimated at 9. 88 litres per capita in 2007 (National Preventative Health Taskforce 2009). Scientific research has revealed, over decades, that there is a correlation between alcohol advertising and the consumption of alcohol. However, it has not yet been proven that alcohol advertising causes higher consumption (Hanson, 2011). It is the Alcohol Companies aim to demonstrate that the alcohol campaigns effectively increase their potential market share and brand loyalty, and not higher alcohol consumption. Adolescences are exposed to alcohol advertisements through many different forms of media, and can result in the consumption of alcoholic beverages. A study has shown that alcoholic beverages are the most advertised product inside a 250 metre radius of primary schools and children are exposed up to 25 advertisements for alcohol per square kilometre (Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 2008). The alcohol industry lack credibility in the argument about banning alcohol advertising, given their dire attempts at enforcing their own self-regulatory code (the Alcohol Beverages Advertising Code). Children’s exposure to alcohol advertisement is on a daily basis. The advertisement of alcohol and alcohol products is not adequately regulated to restrict youths viewing alcohol-related images and messages. Research has shows that underage children are frequently shown alcohol advertising (Fielder, Donovan Ouschan 2009). Mounting evidence has revealed, for youths, the increasing pressure of alcohol marketing creates negative attitudes towards alcohol consumption, and significantly impacts their decision to drink, as well as how they drink (National Preventative Health Taskforce 2009). Underage drinking can cause youth’s brains to be extremely damaged from alcohol. Large alcohol exposure to the developing youth’s brain can be very dangerous. Adolescents are shown to be more susceptible to the learning and memory difficulties that can arise from alcohol consumption. Sections of the brain that are affected by alcohol are directly correlated with memory and emotions, and binge drinking could produce memory problems, problems with verbal skills, incapacity to learn and depression. The existing regulatory system does not effectively regulate these exposures, and does not attempt to decrease or abolish the appeal of the advertising content. The 30 highest viewed alcohol advertisements to the underage population included at least one component identified to appeal to children and underage youth, with 23 found to contain two or more such material. It was also found that 15 of the 30 advertisements contained an animal (Fielder, Donovan Ouschan 2009). The self-regulation system in Australia fails to safe-guard children and youth from exposure to alcohol advertising, with a good majority containing elements appealing to youths. The advertising companies’ target audience of their advertising campaigns have changed, with various brands being targeted towards a particular population. Some drinks are typically seen as a masculine drink, predominantly beers and dark spirits, whilst wines and cocktails are seen as feminine. Brands have said to be specifically produced to appeal to a population that would not generally drink that kind of alcoholic beverage. The alcohol industry has come under criticism and restricted legislation in their alleged targeting of young people, with the creation of alcoholic beverages that are sweet-tasting and bright coloured which appeal to the younger population. However, there is no solid evidence that supports this alleged targeting of youths. There have been wide spread debate on whether alcohol advertisements are targeting the teenage population, although alcohol advertisement makes consumption look extremely exciting and enjoyable with a majority of which involve parties. Exposure to alcohol advertisements is a daily occasion; they are on television, radio, billboards, concerts, magazines and sporting events. If alcohol advertising was to be banned there would be a certain objection from alcohol companies, outlets, sporting bodies and association. Alcohol is a major sponsor within Australian sports and is estimated to be worth $1. 25 billion a year. Large quantities of alcohol consumption are linked to severe public and social health problems involving violence, crime, road accidents and disease. With the taxing of premixed drinks there is intent to address the problem, however this has not made much of a difference, with adolescence moving onto different forms of alcohol. With the alcohol advertisement nearly everywhere and binge drinking within the teenage population still prevalent, the self-regulatory systems set up at present are not adequate. Heavy alcohol consumption has become a part of Australian culture; advertisement is encouraging these trends, and should be banned. Reference List: * Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, NSW Centre for Overweight and Obesity, 2008 * Fielder, L. , Donovan, R. J. Ouschan, R. (2009) ‘Exposure of children and adolescents to alcohol advertising on Australian metropolitan free-to-air television’, Addiction, 104: 1157-1165 * Hanson, David, 2011; Alcohol Advertising http://www2. potsdam. edu/hansondj/Advertising. html * National Preventative Health Taskforce (2009) Australia: The healthiest country by 2020, Technical Report No 3.

The History Of Indonesia

The History Of Indonesia Intercultural management is an emerging but increasingly important area of study. Intercultural management are on work forces that function in different cultural backgrounds. These differences can be either external, where an organization operates across national and ethnic cultures, or internal, where an organization operates across company differences, branches or regions. Cultures express different values and priorities when they make and implement decisions. These values influence work relationships, whether between superior and subordinate, peers, international joint venture partners, managers in headquarters and subsidiaries, and others. Intercultural Management subject is extremely important because of the cultural diversity and ethnic that exists within the organisation today. Specifically, with regard to global organisations, it try to settle the unevenness between global and local concerns by proposing a framework that combines a new understanding of culture with a classica l leadership approach. It is also about accommodating a range of structural and behavioural dimensions that address different facets of organizational functioning. Intercultural management is expensive, but also give away a high return on investment. The objective is to achieve more effective cross-cultural practice. In this assignment, students of Intercultural Management are required to experience a Field Trip to Indonesia, Medan. Students are expected to carry culture analysis and findings on the problems that are asked to fulfil the requirement of this module and prepared a report in the end. 2.0 Background of Country Visited, Indonesia Indonesia is the fourth largest country in the world by number of population which expanse between the Indian and Pacific Oceans with thousands island scattered across. Its closest neighbours are the new country of East Timor which formerly a part of Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Malaysia. It is an archipelago country, made up of 17,508 islands with a land area of 1,905 thousand square kilometres. It has 33 provinces populated by 242 million people. From the western tip of Sumatra to the eastern edge of Papua, it runs along the equator for 5000km. Indonesia has been an independent republic for more than fifty years and its capital city is Jakarta. Indonesias peoples are regional interests, diverse and cultural elements differ widely. 2.1 History of Indonesia Indonesian history, hominid fossils was found by Eugene Dubois in 1809 near Trinil village, East Java. Human immigration occurred 3000 BC. These immigrants are either came from the Pacific islands or southern China and brought their language, Austronesia with them. Since they arrived in a small group and set up around the coast, Austronesia language was quickly diversified with distant descendant of Java Man. However, Bahasa Indonesia is the national language of Indonesia. At the 5th century, Hinduism first came to Indonesia with the advent of Indian merchants as on purpose act of preaching by the Brahmans. By this time Indonesias trading partners was southern China, hence the influence of Buddhism also started to take part. In the 11th century, merchants brought Islam in. By the time, there was no centre of Indonesian Islamic culture and this leads to weakness when the Dutch arrived. Dutch East India Company ruled Indonesia from 1602 to 1799 and stayed until 1942 as a Dutch colony. Before the Dutch returned to claim their colonies from 1942-1945, the Japanese occupied the islands. Sukarno declared independence and was appointed as president after the surrender of Japanese in August 1945. 2.2 Indonesias Political System Republic of Indonesia came into existence in 1945 followed by the federal government under the United Republic of Indonesia. Based on the 1945 constitution, it then returned to the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. The 1945 constitution controls responsibilities and position of state officials, duties, their authorities and relationships between government institutions. (executive, legislative and judicial). The Peoples Consultative Assembly (MPR), being the highest state institution promulgates the constitution, decide state policy guidelines and appoint or dismiss the president and vice president. Direction of the government, laws and drafts regulations is monitored by The House of Representatives (DPR). Position of other high-level state institutions, including the Supreme Court and the House of Representatives are occupied by the president, who is also the Head of State and Head of Government. The President also carries out the mandate of the MPR, implementing the state policy guidelines, and appointed ministers and heads of non-ministry with the ministry (the Attorney General, Police and Armed Forces) that assist in the implementation of these tasks. The Supreme Court is the judicial branch of the State around the executive and legislative branches. Governments finances are examined by The State Audit Board. The State Audit Board is reported to the Peoples Legislative Assembly, the body that approves the inspected Expenditure and State Income. On matters related to issues of economic, political, the military and socio-cultural, The Supreme Advisory Council provides advice to the President on request. 2.3 Indonesias Economic With inflation reducing, solid growth and falling unemployment, Indonesia is currently enjoying positive economic conditions. Indonesia has recently become more recognized for providing investment opportunities as there has been a lot of foreign interest. Due to the rich deposits of natural resources, Indonesia has become a major beneficiary of the strong growth in China and other developing countries. This helps the strong economic growth through foreign investment and international competitiveness. Inflationary pressures continue to be a problem for Indonesia although the rate of growth has been strong, driven by higher food and utilities including fuel for the countrys domestic demand grows rapidly. Indonesias central bank (Bank Indonesia) to take action to help restrain inflation as it began to pose a threat to economic growth. Through Monetary policy tightening, inflation has been reduced to a more manageable rate. The unemployment rate in Indonesia has reduced since 2005-2006 i n line with the strong growth of the economy. Corruption continues to be a major problem for the Indonesian economy which can have the effect of distribution. By reducing economic growth, this affects income inequality and scarcity. 2.4 Infrastructure and Technological Information Dial-up service over noisy line is commonly used to access the Internet. Most of these wireless access points are in cities. Wireless infrastructure may be away to go for deploying Internet for rural, under-served, poor Indonesian neighbourhood. However, issues in rural areas would not only telecommunication or Internet access technology, it is more on the demand, people, social, cultural side as well as the higher stumbling block in the regulatory framework. Need on information and knowledge is virtually non-existence in such areas. The major problem is mainly lack of content written in Indonesian. Speak-and listen is much common way to communicate in Indonesian culture as compared to read and- write. 2.5.1 Population Indonesia, with number of 234 million populations, is the worlds fourth most populated country. There are more than 300 people per square mile (160 per square km), which four time more than the population in the United States. The rate of population grow in Indonesia is around 1.5% per year which means this country will have 282 million population by the year 2025 and more than 315 million population by the year 2050. About 40 % of the population is urban while 45% of the population is engaged in agriculture. 2.5.2 People In Indonesia most islands can be considered as multiethnic, which large and small groups forming geographical enclaves. In ethnic areas, arguments between members of different ethnic groups can be resolved by either the leader or the two groups, by feud or by the courts. In many regions with settled populations, a customary settlement is honoured over a court one, and many rural areas are peaceful havens. 2.5.3 Language There are over 650 dialects and languages are spoken in Indonesia. Since they lived isolated from one and another, unique cultures are developed different islands. However, they local languanges are Sundanese, Javanese, Balinese, Sasak are still being used in some other parts although Bahasa Indonesia is known as the national language. Bahasa Indonesia is a variation of the Malay language. Dutch and English are also often used, this is because Indonesia was a colony of Dutch and English where this both language has became the international language of business during that time. 2.5.4 Religion Indonesia has a largest Muslim population practicing Islam. Besides Islam, Protestants, Catholics, Hindus, and Buddhists are also practiced. Form hybrid religious practices, Islam have mixed with traditions and local customs. A Javanese Muslim from rural may go the mosque to pray but later on pray at the grace of local Catholic saint. Since the 1500s, Christianity has already been practised. It was then influenced by the Protestant and Roman Catholic with arrival of Portuguese and Dutch. Buddhism has a long history in Indonesia since the Srivijaya dynasty and it lasted from the 7th-14th century. In Indonesia, Hinduism is the oldest religion. The Hindus lived at Bali, Hinduism came from India has been greatly adapted by Indonesians to fit it ancestral practices, animist and local. 2.5.4 Ethnic/Culture Groups More than 500 different ethnic groups live in this country. In North Sumatera ethnic groups are the Malay, the Sudanese, the Acehnese, the Bataks, are the big majority of the local population.  Migration, to the North Sumatra to seek fortune has given these people a lot of the regions agricultural and commercial activities. Largest group of ethnic is The Javanese, followed by followed by Sundanese, and the Malays. The Javanese are given named after the island on which their culture expands.    2.5.5 Cultural Practices and Tradition Wayang or shadow theatre is well known because of the Javanese. The Javanese also created Batik. The Sundanese and Javanese somewhat can understand each other with some linguistic connection. The Javanese and the Sudanese are both Muslims. Both cultures, the Sudanese and Javanese perform wooden puppets called wayang goleks. Kendang a local drum of Sundanese provides faster rhythm than the one usually found in Javanese culture. The Batak houses are separated into three levels symbolising a threefold division of the cosmos (upper world, the underworld and the earth). The Toba church are the largest church in Indonesia, they were once obvious and early target for Christian European missionaries. In traditional Batak community, woven fabrics play an important part. The woven fabrics are not only as clothing, but as an important gift in the ritual, which to strengthen the ties that exist between the symbol and the group of related people. 3.1 Common Business/ Economic Activity Based on my observation, the local people of Medan mostly make a living by opening small businesses. There are dozens of food streets along the roads and hawkers centre around Medan. From Chinese home-cooking style food, to Bataks grilled dish, to spicy Malay sambal, and tasty Indian curry, the city is definitely a food heaven for locals and tourists. Pajak Ikan Lama is the most famous traditional clothes market sells souvenirs, fabrics, handbags, belts, shirts, pants and local food. It also a local market which located near Dataran Merdeka best known for textiles and batik. In Berastagi, vegetables and fruits market known as the main economic activities of the local people. This area is quite cold in climate and highly fertile which situated between Mount Sibayak and Mount Sinabung. Besides vegetables and fruits, Berastagi is also known for producer of sugar cane, flowers, and rice. Most uneducated local men in Medan earn a living as a becak driver. It is very easy to start a busine ss as a becak driver because becak is a public transport in Medan. Due to large population, the labour cost in Medan is very cheap which leads the local people to starts their own businesses. 3.2 Level of Education/ Job Requirement The highest educational level in Berastagi and Lake Toba is until Primary. Where else in Medan the highest education level is until middle school (secondary). The Hotel receptionist with a bachelor degree who speaks English stated that her monthly salary is only Rp.2, 000,000. In Lake Toba, we interviewed the captain that drive us Samosir Island. He stated that he is also the staff of Carolina Hotel but does not want state his salary when we asked him. A becak driver usually did not have a proper education and had finished elementary school. They speak bahasa Indonesia and only speaks few words In English. To become a becak driver was one of the limited choices they had to earn. The  income  of  becak drivers  is unstable and varies on a daily basis.  The monthly income  was 600000 Rupiah with 7 hours working daily. Sometimes they earn much money but sometimes they wait for passengers for several days and earn nothing at all. The fees they charge the passengers are moreov er negotiable. They do not have any fixed charge for each trip. It very much depends on who uses their services and how good they are in bargaining. At strategic places in cities or towns, people can easily find becak drivers waiting in groups for passengers. Usually they can be found at bus terminals or train stations to serve people who have just got off from trains or buses. We usually get short becak ride for 5000 Rupiah to 10000 Rupiah but more for than 10minutes rides will cost around 15000 Rupiah. Most drivers will charge for 30000 Rupiah for foreigners then will came down to 15000 Rupiah when spoken to in Bahasa Indonesia. 3.3 Taboos/ Disturbing Cultural Practices It seemed that the King has many warriors and one of the famous warriors would go totally naked when going for wars. For Batak people, showing your genitals is a taboo.  The Batak traditionally allowed polygamy, but it didnt come up very often because the man had to be wealthy enough to support the additional wives and children. After Christian conversion, this practice became taboo. Once again, the Christian answer was given. In reality, tribal people usually have a number of superstitions and rituals associated with death. Some tribes actually relocate the entire village if one person dies. According to Dr. Fernandez, the Batak would burn the house where the dead person had lived, and no one would live in that house again. This superstition had the practical function of preventing the spread of communicable diseases. In certain tribe such as the Batak, raised breeds of dogs and slaughtered them for their meat. This may be for some medicinal purposes benefits attributed to differe nt parts of a dog or as an alternative for other meat.  Eating dog meat is usually associated with their culture, who cooks a traditional dog-meat stew. I find this most disturbing cultural practice because in other part the world dogs views  as a companion and humans best friend. It is cruel and disgusting to consume dogs meat. Apart from cultural  practice, it is not acceptable  by other groups of people. 3.4 Bargaining and Negotiating Bargaining is usual in small shops and markets in Medan, Tomok and Berastagi. Bargaining works by asking the price and slowly increases the offer until a compromise is reached. We bargain for everything in here. It is fine to say no, or to ignore the seller. But, we only bargain when we really want to buy something. With so many shops competing, it is easy to find the good price.   The locals usually speak in quiet, gentle tones. However, this only reflects their politeness and respect for others. Because being friendly and saving face are so important in this culture, communication is generally very indirect. The Indonesian usually prefers to do business with others who treat them with respect and genuinely, it is important to demonstrate similar behaviours. Causing embarrassment to another person may cause a loss of face for all parties involved and can be disastrous for business negotiations Building lasting and trusting personal relationships is therefore critically important t o most Indonesians, who expect to establish strong bonds prior to closing any deals. The large population in Medan caused traffic jam. We really feel impressed on how the drivers negotiate and tolerate among themselves when they uses the road. They will normally hon to let other drivers to know that they want to go other side or change the lane. 3.5 Cultural Implication on Advertisement Religions affect consumption behaviours and the purchase pattern. A high level of familiarity with the local  culture  is the significant  impact  on the effectiveness of marketing strategies. One of the television advertisements that I go through is regarding McDonalds Delivery. (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uxv73s6YQ88) The advertisement is about young man wanted to take his car to buy dinner/ supper. But his car tyre got punctured, so he decided to get some satay at the nearby street. When he went there, the satay man says he sold off the satays. In the end, he ended up calling for Mc Delivery. From this, I can see that the Mc Delivery advertisement is connected to their local preferences. Satay is one of their local food so the advertisement appealing to their taste. McDonalds in  Indonesia now has McSatay, Mc Rice where its known that Indonesia basic food is rice served with egg. McDonals in Indonesia does not offer pork burger as most of the population are Muslims. One of the outdoor advertisements that I came across is a politician poster behind one of the becak that we took. Since only the low income group of people who will frequently take the becak, the advertisement of politician figure will appeal into local people of needs for unity on establishment of peace in spite of political. It also makes them think logical on values such as righteousness, justice, freedom, and dignity.   Television Advertisement Outdoor Advertisement 4.1 Power Distance Indonesia has high power distance which means there are no equivalent rights between power holders and non power holders. The employees in Indonesia are expected to be directed by the employers. Dekker in 2008 stated that power distance is represented by the social position on the basis of the authorities among the most powerful to the least powerful in their communities. It is designed à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹by the government in accordance with its own conception of political ideology, socio-economic system, technical development and culture in the various member states. As part of their cultural heritage, Indonesian also has wealth inequalities in society. This is not  forced by the population, but  accepted by the community  as part of  their cultural heritage.   Managers are respected for their position and control is accepted. In Indonesia, in general seniority and elderly people play important role in the society and community; people usually respect the elderly as well as value their social status in the community. 4.2 Collectivism Indonesia has high collectivism, which means they hold their traditions tightly. Many of Indonesias ethnic groups have strong kinship groupings based upon patrilineal, matrilineal, or bilateral descent. The children are committed to their elders. Indonesia family keep their grandparents at home instead sending them to any institution. Their children want their parents life easier. Jones in 2007 assumes that this dimension gauge the level of integration of the people in the community as well as capability of the people who work in groups or individually. If one wishes to marry in Indonesia, it is important the men to meet the womens family. He has to introduce himself to the family of the woman. It is not appropriate having a relationship without notifying the parents of the girl first. Indonesias ideas about tolerance, the faith of God, social justice, human, and democracy (5 principles), to reflect the countrys way of life and the basic thinking, such as the reflection of collectivi sm ideologies are integrated. Loyalty in a collectivist culture is based on social rules and other regulations. The society practices strong relationships where everyone takes responsibility for other members of their group. 4.3 Masculinity and Femininity Indonesia has both Masculinity and femininity is at the same level. Women have the same rights and opportunities in every aspect such as occupations. According to Chang in 2003 womens role changing are the factor of economy rapid growth and globalisation in Indonesia. In past women the one should care for children and does the housework where else man the one earn for the family. Now, women are becoming more adapted together with men. The principle of gender equality becomes more comfortable and treats them same as the men. This shows that the Indonesia has a degree of gender differences where both men and women dominate a significant portion of the society and power structure. This leads to women to act more as a man and away from their role as women. In Indonesia although masculinity and femininity are both in same level but men still sometimes have more power. In general, although there are traditional roles for women and men in the society these roles sometimes overlap. 4.4 Uncertainty Avoidance Uncertainty avoidance explains either people feel secure or comfort with chaos, uncertain events, unstructured situation and risks. It about how Indonesian takes action in order to reach their goal and good inherent balance in controlling situation. Indonesian tends to provide and arrange everything for future events. Harris and Moran in 2006 relate the condition of uncertainty avoidance with Tolerating Ambiguity, which demotes to the ability to react to new, unpredictable situations with little visible discomfort or irritation, different and at times. This explains that there is a strong preference in Indonesia towards separation Javanese culture of external self to internal self. It is common for Indonesian not show anger even though they are really upset, no matter how angry is them they will still be polite. This means maintaining healthy relationship in work place is very important in Indonesia. This shows that the Indonesian people easily accept unstructured situations. Unstruc tured situation is a new situation, not known surprising, different from usual. Moreover, Indonesian people in general are also more comfortable with stable and predictable conditions. For example, they prefer to become civil servants rather than to become entrepreneurs although in some cases they prefer to leave everything to God for the situations that they cannot control and manipulate anymore. Another aspect of this element can be viewed at a resolution of conflicts. Direct Communication is the way to solve conflict is usually seen as a threatening and one that they are uncomfortable in. It allows exchange of views without losing face, and since one of the main manifestations of the uncertain Indonesia is to maintain a harmonious appearance in the workplace; intermediary remove uncertainties associated with confrontation. 4.5 Long Term Orientation Long term orientation is related with people through particular criteria such as obligation, reciprocal, loyalty and honesty. It is more like having good behaviours in relationship. Indonesia seems to be long term oriented. Because the hard work of people today looking forward to a long-term compensation in the Indonesian culture has a strong work ethic. Countries such as Indonesia and the Indonesian tend to have inter-religious views around the world on tolerance features. There is recognition that there are several truths on the seeker because Indonesian people embracing several different religions, such as Islam, Buddhism, Christianity, and Hinduism. The Indonesia are typically not punctual, this because they are long term orientation. Taylor in 2008 stated with highest numbers of Muslims in the world, combining Power Distance and Unaccepted Avoidance shows the Indonesian community is highly regulation oriented with controls, rules, laws and regulations. Motivating Indonesian Muslim employees would necessitate leader to give an environment of rules and guidelines to decrease uncertainty, show ultimate power and provide rewards to employee based on age, position, and status. Employees of Indonesia can be motivated by Hofstedes theory. Indonesian workers have a low tolerance for uncertainty, which Depending on tight control as a motivator. 5.0 Conclusion

A Look at the Character Karintha in Jean Toomers Cane Essay -- Toomer

A Look at the Character Karintha in Jean Toomer's Cane Jean Toomer's Cane begins with a vignette entitled "Karintha" about a young woman who grows up too quickly. The first paragraph tell us that "men had always wanted her, this Karintha, even as child...." From the description that is presented, it appears that she was always beautiful and desirous to men, even when she was a mere child. Men of all ages wanted her from the time she was young - the young men couldn't wait until she was old enough to court, while the old men wished they could get younger instead of older as time went by so that they might have a chance with Karintha. The final sentence of the first paragraph intrigued me, saying that "this interest of the male, who wishes to ripen a growing thing too soon, could mean no good to her [Karintha]." I think that this is Toomer's way of emphasizing to his audience that what the men were doing was very selfish on their part. These men did not really care about Karintha the child or Karintha the future young woman. All they cared about was the possibility of a conquest; even if the victim would be young, at least she would be beautiful. Even those younger men who might have had a chance with her many years in the future did not have the patience to wait. Instead they "danced with her at frolics" when they should have been spending their time with women in their own age group. There was not any concern for Karintha, just for the needs and desires of these men, who should have had enough self-control that this would not have even been an issue. Instead of waiting for Karintha to develop from a c hild to an adult, these men felt the need to rush the process, to "ripen a growing thing too soon," an... ...e world of Cane, with its various stories and poems about the African-American experience. I felt sorry for Karintha in this story. She was a person that was judged her entire life - even in childhood - by her appearance and what that could mean to various men. The choices that she made as an adult are not really surprising when you consider the way that she was treated in her childhood and adolescence, almost as someone who could be sold to the highest bidder (which essentially became her life as an adult). Nowhere in this story is there a mention of Karintha's admirable intelligence or ability of some sort (unless you count stoning cows). Because all that is discussed is Karintha's beauty, I saw her as a very one-dimensional character. The men in this story were in a constant pursuit of Karintha's body- and unfortunately for her, in the end they won.

Smoking Ban - Smoking In Public Places :: Argumentative Essays Research Papers

Smoking Ban Argument Have you ever been in your favorite restaurant and just as you are about to take a bite of your favorite dish, your lungs are filled with a cloud of smoke which has drifted to your table from the smoking section just a few feet away? This is a common complaint of many patrons who enjoy dining at restaurants. While it is true that the smoke from cigarettes causes many health problems, is it fair to take away the freedom of Americans who wish to smoke? Even as compromises can be made on this subject, the majority of people stand by their strong opinions on whether smoking should be allowed in restaurants. Smoking is a simple process of inhaling and exhaling the fumes of burning tobacco, but it has deadly consequences. According to the American Cancer Society, smoking is the most preventable cause of death in America today (Encarta, 2002). Until the 1940?s, smoking was considered harmless. It was at this time that epidemiologists noticed a dramatic increase in the cases of lung cancer. A study was then conducted between smokers and nonsmokers to determine if cigarettes were the cause of this increase. This study, conducted by the American Cancer Society, found increased mortality among smokers. Yet it was not until 1964 that the Surgeon General put out a report acknowledging the danger of cigarettes. The first action to curb smoking was the mandate of a warning on cigarette packages by the Federal Trade Commission (Encarta, 2002). In 1971, all cigarette advertising was banned from radio and television, and cities and states passed laws requiring nonsmoking sections in public pla ces and workplaces (Encarta, 2002). Now in some cities smoking is being completely banned from public places and workplaces and various people are striving for more of these laws against smoking. Most people are aware of the risks associated with smoking and many people who do not smoke are concerned about the risks of secondhand smoke. Even employees in restaurants have a 50 percent higher risk of lung cancer than the general public (Buckley, 2002, p. 63). Also, Harvard researchers found that women who were regularly exposed to other people?s smoke at home or at work were 91 percent more likely to have a heart attack than those who weren?t exposed (Will You Pay, 1998, p.

Friendship in the Epic of Gilgamesh Essay -- Character Analysis, Enkid

In the epic of Gilgamesh the friendship between Gilgamesh and Enkidu is very complex and necessary. Their friendship brings animal, human, and god together. Gilgamesh is changed by his friendship with Enkidu. He becomes a better person and a better ruler because of Enkidu. Enkidu’s life is enriched because of his friendship with Gilgamesh. Enkidu was created to balance out Gilgamesh, and he accomplishes this goal. The two men are very close, and love each other deeply. Both Gilgamesh and Enkidu benefit from their friendship. Some of Gilgamesh’s qualities are that he had a â€Å"beauty†¦ surpassing all others† and was â€Å"two thirds†¦ god and one third man† (13). Before Enkidu, Gilgamesh acted horribly. He was a terrible ruler and a terrible man. Gilgamesh was not all good, for example, â€Å"his lust leaves no virgin to her lover, neither the warrior’s daughter nor the wife of the noble†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (13). He was a terrible ruler. Gilgamesh was arrogant, but very powerful in his country. His people had no choice but to listen to him. They were forced to go along with his unlawfulness and stubbornness. Enkidu was created to be Gilgamesh’s equal and his soul mate. ‘â€Å"You made him†¦ now create his equal; let it be as like him as his own reflection, his second self, stormy heart for stormy heart’† (14). So the goddess of creation, Aruru â€Å"dipped her hands in water and pinched off clay, she let it fall in the wilderness† and created Enkidu (14). Before Gilgamesh had met Enkidu he loved him; ‘â€Å"†¦ I bent down, deeply drawn towards†¦ [Enkidu]†¦ I loved it like a woman and wore it at my side†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (16). Enkidu had â€Å"virtue in him† (14). He was also â€Å"innocent of mankind† (14). After Enkidu was civilized the wild animals would not be near him. He felt ... ...sh will miss the friendship he had with Enkidu. This is another reason he mourns Enkidu’s death. Both Enkidu and Gilgamesh benefited from their friendship. They each got a friend, and they each gained wisdom. Enkidu gained wisdom in knowing the finer things in life. Gilgamesh gained wisdom in knowing that he would be punished when he died; he wants a second chance at life. Gilgamesh shows Enkidu the finer things, and Enkidu shows Gilgamesh that he will be punished in his death. These are the reasons that their friendship was a good thing. This topic in Gilgamesh is one of the most controversial ones, but Gilgamesh and Enkidu both gained a friend and wisdom that they did not have before. Without this friendship neither would be the changed people they are at the end of their lives. Gilgamesh and Enkidu needed each other, even if they did not know it. Friendship in the Epic of Gilgamesh Essay -- Character Analysis, Enkid In the epic of Gilgamesh the friendship between Gilgamesh and Enkidu is very complex and necessary. Their friendship brings animal, human, and god together. Gilgamesh is changed by his friendship with Enkidu. He becomes a better person and a better ruler because of Enkidu. Enkidu’s life is enriched because of his friendship with Gilgamesh. Enkidu was created to balance out Gilgamesh, and he accomplishes this goal. The two men are very close, and love each other deeply. Both Gilgamesh and Enkidu benefit from their friendship. Some of Gilgamesh’s qualities are that he had a â€Å"beauty†¦ surpassing all others† and was â€Å"two thirds†¦ god and one third man† (13). Before Enkidu, Gilgamesh acted horribly. He was a terrible ruler and a terrible man. Gilgamesh was not all good, for example, â€Å"his lust leaves no virgin to her lover, neither the warrior’s daughter nor the wife of the noble†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (13). He was a terrible ruler. Gilgamesh was arrogant, but very powerful in his country. His people had no choice but to listen to him. They were forced to go along with his unlawfulness and stubbornness. Enkidu was created to be Gilgamesh’s equal and his soul mate. ‘â€Å"You made him†¦ now create his equal; let it be as like him as his own reflection, his second self, stormy heart for stormy heart’† (14). So the goddess of creation, Aruru â€Å"dipped her hands in water and pinched off clay, she let it fall in the wilderness† and created Enkidu (14). Before Gilgamesh had met Enkidu he loved him; ‘â€Å"†¦ I bent down, deeply drawn towards†¦ [Enkidu]†¦ I loved it like a woman and wore it at my side†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (16). Enkidu had â€Å"virtue in him† (14). He was also â€Å"innocent of mankind† (14). After Enkidu was civilized the wild animals would not be near him. He felt ... ...sh will miss the friendship he had with Enkidu. This is another reason he mourns Enkidu’s death. Both Enkidu and Gilgamesh benefited from their friendship. They each got a friend, and they each gained wisdom. Enkidu gained wisdom in knowing the finer things in life. Gilgamesh gained wisdom in knowing that he would be punished when he died; he wants a second chance at life. Gilgamesh shows Enkidu the finer things, and Enkidu shows Gilgamesh that he will be punished in his death. These are the reasons that their friendship was a good thing. This topic in Gilgamesh is one of the most controversial ones, but Gilgamesh and Enkidu both gained a friend and wisdom that they did not have before. Without this friendship neither would be the changed people they are at the end of their lives. Gilgamesh and Enkidu needed each other, even if they did not know it.

“Frankenstein” Essay Introduction Essay

Mary Shelley in her novel â€Å"Frankenstein† studies a problem of human nature, comparing thoughts and actions of two main characters. The plot of a story is devoted to the creation of a new human and alienation of it by society. A question of the relationship between the creator and his work was tried to solve not only scientists but also science fiction writers. According to the author’s intention, Victor goes from the euphoria of God to hominal primitivism in relation to the monster he made. As a â€Å"father†, he must show much more compassion and patience than ordinary people. The litterateur showed an image of a newborn who came to the world with aid of science and technological progress. Like any child, he does not possess any knowledge and draws all the skills from surrounding world. His upbringing is a matter of time. Instead of help, the protagonist chooses to ignore and to avoid responsibility. Frankenstein feels so unfair attitude and responds in the same coin, refusing promises he has given. In fact, we are talking about retribution of the abandoned child. The motives of an inventor can be explained by his initial disappointment, which he experienced at the sight of the finished â€Å"product†. A creature was not as beautiful as in his fantasies and deprived him of the desire for further experiments. It was the obsession with knowledge prevented Victor from foreseeing the consequences of his insane fanaticism. His revolutionary nature brought not helping but only suffering to the family. In this context, our hero is an active tool in the hands of science. Intellect serves not as the blessing of heaven, but as a real curse that spawned a murderer. A dominant reason for the hatred is rejecting appearance of Frankenstein. Focusing on such a primitive criterion, individuals did not seek to get acquainted with him, much less to close communication. Such ostracism leads to despair and rejection of people. Perhaps the murder of immediate family members played a symbolic role. Frankenstein wanted Victor to feel how hard it was to be devoid of love and to remain alone. Not only does birth determine the character of a person, but also his/her environment. If Victor showed sincere participation in â€Å"his offspring†, and did not perceive it as a plague, events would unfold in a different way. But he is just a person who quickly lights up with ambition and retreats just as fast. Thus, Mary Shelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein† does not lose its relevance in our time. Modern technology allows you to create artificial persons. An attitude toward such a perspective ranges from a complete aversion of similar future to absolute support. Probably, the writer tried to warn that some phenomena are better left untouched.

My First Helicopter Ride

As I stood gazing at the monstrous contraption, I shivered as though ice had replaced my spine. The cold air that blew into my face engulfed my entire body. The multiple layers of clothing could not protect me against the swish of frosty air. The walkway leading up to the helipad was newly paved; I could still feel the soles of my shoes sink into the cement just a little as I walked up the path. It’s ironic how my heart did the exact same thing. It now felt like it was forcibly pressing against my lungs as I struggled to breathe; asphyxiated by terror. Weeds, dandelions and wild flowers were being blown helplessly about by the gargantuan blades. I knew how they felt. I was a small 7 year-old and this helicopter made me feel like a bug on a windscreen, hanging on for dear life. My mother must have been squeezing my hand too hard because I yanked it away from her as the pain finally registered in my central nervous system; I looked down at my hand just in time to see the blood rush back down my veins. Red roses grew wildly in thick batches by the entrance to the show grounds; the place where I was going to have one of the most memorable experiences of my life. The moonlight cast a ghoulish glow on the surrounding landscape, and the screeching of nearby cars pulling away to the highway made me realize how alone our family was; after all, we were the last people to go in the helicopter that day. The big metal structure shone a bright white under the moonlight, and the splotches of rusted metal hinted at the machines maturity, which wasn’t comforting at all. The spinning of the blades was deafening as we hurried towards the little â€Å"hobbit† door to enter the craft. The first thing I felt when I was hauled up into the craft was the constriction of my pupils, and then my eyelids wired shut. It was very bright in there. As soon as I regained visibility, I looked around and saw all these lights that were sourced by many buttons, switches and levers. The dashboard smelt of black coffee and cigarettes, and the floor of the helicopter was littered with cigarette-buds. I turned my head to look at my mother. I could see that somebody had made an attempt to scrub out a vomit stain on her seat. The earthy colours were at sharp contrast with the charcoal seats, and a thin layer of bleach had been used to try and remove it; like a criminal trying to remove blood splatter at a crime scene. Was it an omen, perhaps? My mother reached over and tightened my seatbelt, uncomfortably tight. However, with the sounds from the pilot’s radio headset combined with the humming and buzzing of all the small machines in the chopper, I was too frightened to care about the seat belt. All that was going through my mind was how my life was now in the hands of rows upon rows of illuminated buttons and do-hickeys. It was probably two minutes after buckling up that the craft began its slow ascent into the cold and seemingly insidious night. I could feel all my organs getting pulled down by gravity. In that moment, I became completely oblivious to the sound of the rotation of the massive blades above me, and only heard the ‘’lob-dup’’ of my heart. The light had been so bright as to temporarily blind me. The warmth of my mother’s reassuring smile contrasted the coldness of the night outside. As I peered through the window, I could see my father and little brother about to board the second helicopter. Their clothing was fighting violently against their bodies as the wind from the rotors blew over their heads. Slowly they started for the craft, with their mouths covered, as if walking into a big sandstorm. I could see them take very short, reluctant steps towards the door of their helicopter; as though they were trying to delay the jaw-dropping experience that was to follow. We started rising and rising until I caught a glimpse of the starry cosmos, and at that very moment, I was lost in my very first helicopter ride.

Speak About Riots

Ladies and gentlemen, welcome. I am †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. , a politically active student. The Mayor of London has invited me, to give a speech about riots in London. I would also talk about what we can do to prevent a similar incident. As mentioned, my speech today will mainly be about riots and some several reasons for that. Moreover, I will give some suggestions about what we can do to prevent the riots. I will focus on what the society can do to solve this situation. I will also speech about what the parents and the teachers’ can do for keep the children out of the riots.If some of you don’t know what riots are. I can tell you that it is a form of civil disorder which is characterized by groups how lashing out in a rash of violence against authority, property or people. The riots start on August the 4th, because a policeman killed an Afro-Caribbean man. His family has decided to stage a peaceful protest but it ended out of control. The traffic was diverted and people start ed crashing, smashing and looting. For many people, it was a staggering situations and completely unrealistic. The big question is:† What are the reasons for riots?†The protest for the Afro-Caribbean man was just an opportunity to show their dissatisfaction for the society. Big parts of the population are talking about how the policemen were not able to stop the criminality from vandalising and stealing. The word about riots was spread to South London. Due to this change of area, it is clearly that they have entirely different motives from here on. People all over London have begun to make different sorts of riots. The motive for many of the criminals became â€Å"making money, pure terror, havoc and free stuff†.We can conclude that these different episodes with riots have nothing to do with each other. Experts are discussing what the motives are. They have formed some theories about the motives and the most mentioned arguments are: unemployment, poverty and gang related crime. There are kids down to an age of 9 how robbed homes, stores and businesses. Among the youngest riots are kids who are looking for a rush. The main argument for riots is that it has something to do with unemployment. Unemployment results in poverty.Many people have tendencies to compare themselves with the community and therefore want the lower class to keep up with the middle and higher class. By use of riots has the lower class seen an opportunity to make money to gain a position in the middleclass. The lower classes are blaming the high class for their criminality, because the poor are unhappy with the balance between themselves and the rich part of their country. The youth unemployment rate is low, which result in that 1 out of 5 are not in work.The university are more expensive than ever, and that is the reasons why some of the young people lose hope for the higher education. The young people are unhappy with their present situation. They are getting more disenfra nchised, so they have to be heard. In previous times was it the black people who were victimized, but today it is the young people. The young people make riots, as an excuse to show their dissatisfaction with the society. The motive for the young people to make riots is to be a part of something bigger.Many have seen that the majority of the spotted participants in the riots are between the age of 14 and 18. Most of the people in London, who participate in the riots, are doing it because everybody else is doing it. They persuade each other by means of text message. Many of the riots have occurred as a result of the extreme use of the social media. A new problem is that they also use a Blackberry to spread the word, which involve that the communication is hidden from the police. We have to stop this young people and help them to behave in a better way.If they are old enough to make the crime, they are old enough to face the consequents. There are no correct answers to prevent new rio ts, but we know the reasons for these riots and the problems in the society. We cannot eliminate the inequality, it is impossible, but we can try to reduce it. We have to keep together and try to save our society. We have to protect the children from the criminality and help the family’s how have problem at home. The parents have to take a responsibility and be role models.The police have to take effect immediately and show that this behaviour will not be tolerated. They have to arrest the people how make riots, so they not keep on with the crime. More than 1200 of the rioters have already been arrested. Due to the modern technology, many of the participants have had their image caught, which means that they will be arrested later. In the future need the police a system, so they can find out what the people are encouraging encourage each other and make plans for illegal actions.

Peace essay Essay

OAt least three (probably more) properly cited quotes from the (each) novel. 0 Accurate and insightful analysis of the novel. 0 Generally correct grammar and mechanics. Suggested essay topics Essay option #1 : John Knowles’ book A Separate Peace is the story of Gene Forrester’s oming of age. Using the events of the book, trace the Journey by which Gene is transformed from an unconfident, fearful, angry teenager to a grown up who has managed to successfully deal with these negative feelings and to live a life of inner peace and harmony. Since the object of this essay is to show how Gene gets from POINT A to POINT B, you need to decide upon the stages or steps of development which make up his Journey and what he eventually learns by the end of the novel. It is imperative that telling quotes and analysis from the books final chapter is used to llustrate the final stage of his growth. Essay option #2: Using the scenes and events from the novel, compare the personalities, characteristics, and motivations of both Gene and Finny. Explore how lay out general ideas about both characters and which one is better suited to be successful in this world and why. You will support your thesis by selecting specific examples of each character’s behavior and then discussing whether that behavior is â€Å"typical† or uncharacteristic of human beings in general. Your essay will include analysis of BOTH characters’ actions and motivations. Honors option #1: By focusing on the major conflicts in both A Separate Peace and The Kite Runner, write an essay that compares the two novels and what their central message is. You will support your thesis by selecting specific examples from both novels and then discussing which novel presents the most accurate representation of true human nature. Your essay must include sufficient analysis of both novels. Since you are comparing the novels, you need to craft a thesis that explores subtle or significant similarities or differences in the stories. Honors option #2: Both A Separate Peace and The Kite Runner tell the story of a arrator who struggles to come to grips with the guilt over his role in a traumatic event from his childhood. Using the events from both books, draw parallels between the coming of age Journey undertaken by the main characters. Since the object of this essay is to show how both narrators get from POINT A to POINT B, you need to decide upon the stages or steps of development which make up their Journeys and what they eventually learn. It is imperative that you use telling quotes and analysis from the books final chapters are used to illustrate the final stage of growth.

Portrayal of Vampires in Cult Television, how they have changed and Essay

Portrayal of Vampires in Cult Television, how they have changed and why - Essay Example People have instilled in themselves a sense of dread and terror because of the idea of a vampire. They have believed that these creatures should not be allowed to live. Most legends suggest killings of vampires to eradicate them from the face of the planet, because they ‘do not belong’. However, in the 21st century, today, people have come to terms with the fact that vampires do not exist (Sklar, Rachel). Most people do not believe in the supernatural and idea of immortality in this day and age of fast communication, information and technology. Even then, the idea of maybe having such creatures around and existing excites a vast amount of the population of the world. As seen with time, the most form of popular entertainment has usually been in the form of fiction or letting people think about what ‘might’ exist. Thus, much the same way, vampires have been popularized today through television, books and movies. This is because people crave for an understandin g of things that have not yet been explained by scientists or do not have reason. Staying alive eternally, having super powers to carry out tasks etc are things that human beings get thrilled with because they are not able to do so. It is because of an endless thirst of curiosity that people want to know more and more and try and delve into the unknown. It is because of the same reason that today, people are eager to know about vampires and whether or not they do exist in real life. People often wonder, ‘what if there is a vampire amongst me and all the people I do interact with?’ Scary and exciting as it may be, all this has led to the creation of very popular vampire cult television; series that depict forms of vampires, interacting with normal human beings on a daily basis, doing everything they do - and a little more. From Bram Stoker’s Dracula to Stephenie Meyer’s Twilight, these immortal beings have been reflected over the years with dramatic changes in their characteristics and surroundings. In television most of the current â€Å"Vampire Series† have achieved a â€Å"cult† status. The word â€Å"cult† depicts a religious group that is devoted to, or even obsessive about what they believe in. The term â€Å"Cult Television† is somewhat close to this. It is a term gained for a show that has an obsessive or even extreme following; a show that might not have been appreciated when it was first broadcast and is a step away from the mainstream. â€Å"There is no single quality that characterizes a cult text; rather, cult texts are defined through a process in which shows are positioned in opposition to the mainstream† (Jancovich, Hunt 2004). Since 2008 there has been a different type of vampire on our screens, this is evident through the emergence of television series such as True Blood, Vampire Diaries, Being Human etc. Many of the shows have a â€Å"cult† following or are of â€Å"cultâ⠂¬  status. In this dissertation I will be considering why vampires have received an increase in popularity with audiences and whether or

E-Business Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

E-Business Paper - Essay Example Amazon.com was the first company to move book retailing online. In less than a decade, it has become one of the most recognizable brands on earth. It expanded from being a book retailer to a virtual marketplace where all sorts of buyers and sellers of rare, used, and collectible items found a platform. Today it offers even online auctions including toys, music, DVDs, house ware, and a variety of other products and it is the world’s most customer-centric company. It sells virtually anything to more than 38 million customers (Success story, 2002). By selling a wide range of products it has been able build customer loyalty and by 2005, has 50 million loyal customers (Evans, 2005). One of the main advantages of moving online is the use of sophisticated software that brings in constant innovation. This enhances the customer experience as the software can remember details and sends the shopping cart smoothly and swiftly to the check-out (Evans, 2005). The software also remembers the shipping address and the credit card details. Being online allows fro reviews and recommendations from readers. The key to Amazon.com’s success is the strong customer focused approach. They use technology to constantly improvise and innovate. They work hard to refine the technology, which allows them to make recommendations that make shopping more convenient and enjoyable (Customer Success, 2006). Amazon.com uses the SAS technology to analyze the results of their ongoing efforts to improve personalization. Multi-threading allows amazon.com to apply multiple processors to complex analytic tasks. They constantly evaluate the new product page layouts and new search technology. It is their ‘technology base that allows customers to find, discover and glean out of hundreds of millions of products, those that really interest them (Success story, 2000). Data warehousing allows them to manage growth (Success story). Their

Health Disparities, Diversity, and Cultural Competence Assignment

Health Disparities, Diversity, and Cultural Competence - Assignment Example Various hospitals have been built to provide healthcare to people of different classes in the society. According to Shavers (2007), the socioeconomic status is the relative position of a person or community based on their access to wealth and prestige. The socioeconomic status influences health via its association with environmental exposure, lifestyle, and health behavior. The current income and occupation can enable a person to access a particular standard of healthcare. Another socioeconomic factor that impacts on health is education. Education has been evidenced to have a direct effect on a person’s professional development and career opportunities. As noted by Hillemeier et al. (2003), higher education levels are often predictive of better jobs, working conditions, neighborhoods, as well as medical care. On the contrary, low education is a projector of low living standards, volatile income, and poor health care access. Galama and Van Kippersluis (2010) add that this forms the low-income and high-income quartiles. In this regard, socioeconomic model of health disparities posits that the socio-economic status predicts the health status of a person. As a consequence, the health interventions are being developed to ensure equality in order to mitigate this disparity. Another effect is that some health interventions are tailored to cater for the high-end patients while certain programs are aimed at people of low income status in the society, bu t are of similar quality. Most states are providing coverage for children from low income families under Medicaid along with the State Children’s Health Insurance Program. Galama, T., & Van-Kippersluis, H. (2010). A theory of socioeconomic disparities in health over life cycle. Retrieved March 17, 2015, from

Segregation's Lingering Legacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Segregation's Lingering Legacy - Essay Example It is highly beneficial for children to learn what makes them different aside from the color of skin. Whether African-American, Asian, Native American and so on, each race and ethnicity has so much to offer and share with their communities that people of other races simply cannot understand without being taught. Institutional racism is ultimately causing widespread neglect of cultural differences that are important to learn. I think our educational system still has a large amount of segregation because they allow it to happen. Teachers, principals and parents are all too afraid of hurting someone’s feelings or being touted as a bigot if they open their mouth and say something. Our country is so absorbed with â€Å"what will they think of me?† that society is ceasing to function. The fear of a legal claim of racism, the NAACP, the ACLU or another organization’s intervention is likely a great fear for many, so they have no desire to change the segregation. Blacks a re no better than whites, Asians, or any other race and vice versa. Our children need to be taught by their elders both in the home and in school the differences in race, culture and communities so that they can grow, learn and be steadier, well-rounded adults.

Statement of purpose in Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Statement of purpose in Architecture - Essay Example It gave me an opportunity to think about what the meaning and values of architecture are and how architecture can affect not just a person, but an entire society. With five years of architectural study, research and practice, it helped me to establish a consciousness that kept me explaining, and questioning my surroundings. Though I was often confused, my studies inspired me to work through the many different changes in my living environment. It is a frustrated process because of the unknown and the fear of change. It is true that I was always been fettered and manipulated by some problems that were brought about by the change. People try to find a solution because there is a problem. However, the solution as part of the change can also bring many new problems and finally take us into a death loop. For example, what I learned from the structure class in the third year is what kind of relationship exists between the physical force and an architectural reaction been examined. Even though the physical force and the reaction influence each other, they integrate themselves into a co-work system so that they rely on each other and amplify their advantage. Also, when I drove around in Los Angeles with my mother, she kept asking me, â€Å"where is Los Angeles?† Is it because the highly developed infrastructure system alienate the emotion between people and cities? Although the process was frustrating and lowered my confidence, the results can always be inspirational. The undergraduate program flamed my passion in discovering architectural interpretations. Pursuing of a master’s degree in architecture will give me an excellent chance to explore further intricacies of architecture. With a Chinese international background, I always have a more diverse view to think and analyze the results that have been obtained. Through five years of architectural studies, I was very excited and happy to graduate

Respond latter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Respond latter - Essay Example The movie includes all the main incidents of Gandhi’s life. It starts with the assassination of Gandhi and then playbacks the whole life story. Once in South Africa, he is thrown out of train despite having the ticket, just because he is an Indian. Thereby Gandhi decides to start a non violent protest for the rights of Indians. After depicting his victory in South Africa, the film illustrates Gandhi’s further life in India. He is urged to return India and requested to lead the nation for its independence. Gandhi holds the command of nation really well without compromising with his rules and regulations of non violence, the only reason for saying him as the national hero. Along with his mass supporters he faces some setbacks of imprisonment during this period. The movie very willingly represents the various associate movements such as Satyagraha, Dandi march, Swedeshi movement initiated by Gandhi to tunnel up the British rule. The movie intentionally includes the mass gathering addressed by Gandhi. Eventually gaining the support of Indians he succeeds to get freedom from colonial rule. One of the notable criticisms against the film was that Attenborough’s Gandhi was seriously biased, pro-Hindu film. According to the critics, it surreptitiously exalted Hinduism and portrayed Gandhi’s religious convictions as of an average Hindu. In the same way, it also abased Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Muslim participation in the freedom movement as if they were religious fanatics who caused the separation of the nation. However, some are of the opinion that the film was discreet enough regarding the religious aspects illustrated throughout the life evens of Gandhi (Markovits, 29). The same was the idea that I personally felt as viewing the film Gandhi. Gandhi was not involved in any of the religious practices; instead, his ideology was that of an egalitarian who cherished love above all and was imbued with the scriptures of all

Organizational behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Organizational behavior - Essay Example Motivation has always been considered a stronghold of the human resources department but lately organizations have realized that line managers are constantly in contact with the employees and for most of the employees, their immediate superiors represent the management of the company (Brewster & Larsen 1992). If these managers have the responsibility and authority to control and reward the employees directly under them, it could enhance productivity and effectively work out better for the organization. The personnel specialists have practically negligible interactions with the employers and it is felt that line managers are appropriate to handle the issues relating to staff under them. They are suitable to motivate and being out the best from the staff. Motivation to work can come from external factors or from within. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, the physiological needs have to be satisfied for an individual to be motivated to work for the next need. In this hierarchy the self-actualization arises when all other needs have been satisfied. According to Herzberg two factors act upon the motivation of employees – the hygiene factors and the motivators. Hygienes are the intrinsic entities while motivators are intrinsic (Tietjen & Myers, 1998). According to Herzberg motivators cause positive job attitudes because they satisfy the workers need for self-actualization, which according to Maslow is the need for self-actualization, which is an individual’s ultimate goal. These motivators include recognition, achievement, growth prospects, responsibility and the work itself. Most employees are not clear about the roles and responsibilities, no role clarity, which leads to no satisfaction of job as the motivators according to Herzberg (cited by Tietjen & Myers, 1998) are not present. These factors can have a lasting impression on worker’s attitude,